The Foundations of the Industrial Revolution
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A period when handmade goods were replaced by machine-made goods
What is a canal?
A man-made waterway for ships
What was the Supreme Court case Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) about?
Steamboat operation rights on interstate waters
What effect did Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts have on manufacturing?
It increased the efficiency of production
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the lives of workers?
It created new job opportunities but often in tough conditions
Who invented the cotton gin, a device that separated cotton fibers from their seeds?
Eli Whitney
What invention allowed messages to be sent quickly over long distances in the 1800s?
The Telegraph
The term "regulate interstate commerce" means:
To make laws about trade between states
What was one of the main industries to first use interchangeable parts?
Firearms
What role did women play in textile factories during the Industrial Revolution?
They formed the majority of the labor force, working as operators of machinery.
What industry greatly benefited from the invention of the cotton gin?
The Textile Industry
Why was the steam engine important to the Industrial Revolution?
It provided a new way to transport goods and people
How did the Gibbons vs. Ogden case increase the power of Congress?
By allowing Congress to regulate interstate commerce greatly increasing their power
How did canals contribute to the Industrial Revolution?
By lowering the cost of transporting goods
How did working in textile factories affect women during the Industrial Revolution?
It exposed them to long hours, low wages, and poor working conditions.
Which part of the United States was most affected by the Industrial Revolution?
The North
What was a major effect of the transportation revolution in the 1800s?
It made travel and trade faster and cheaper
What was one major impact of railroads in the United States?
They helped to grow cities and industries
What was the significance of the telegraph?
It allowed for instant communication over long distances
What does it mean if parts are "interchangeable"?
They can be used in place of one another
What major change did the Industrial Revolution bring to how and where people lived, moving from one kind of area to another?
The major change the Industrial Revolution brought to how and where people lived was the movement from rural (countryside) areas to urban (city) areas, known as urbanization.
What was the big change in how people traveled from place to place during the Industrial Revolution, involving tracks and trains?
The big change in how people traveled from place to place during the Industrial Revolution, involving tracks and trains, was the development of the railroad system.
Name a law or action that helped workers by setting limits on how long they could be made to work in a day during the Industrial Revolution.
One action that helped workers by setting limits on how long they could be made to work in a day during the Industrial Revolution was the establishment of the Factory Acts, which included laws to reduce working hours.
What simple but revolutionary device, invented during the Industrial Revolution, made it easier to connect parts of machines together, greatly improving manufacturing processes?
The simple but revolutionary device invented during the Industrial Revolution that made it easier to connect parts of machines together, greatly improving manufacturing processes, is the screw. This invention standardized the assembly and repair of machines and structures, significantly contributing to the efficiency of manufacturing.
How did the Industrial Revolution change schools, with more kids going to learn instead of working?
The Industrial Revolution led to more children going to school and getting an education instead of working in factories or on farms due to changing laws and attitudes about child labor and the importance of education. This shift is often associated with the broader educational reforms of the 19th century.