Review 1
How did most Europeans and Americans make a living in the early 1700s?
Farming
How did some families make extra money in the early 1700s?
Sold extra cloth
Why did cities and the population grow during the mid 1700s?
Improved farming techniques and improved roads.
What expanded due to the Industrial Revolution?
Overseas trade
Provide a definition of the Industrial Revolution.
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines for manufacturing and production.
The first important breakthrough of the Industrial Revolution took place in what industry?
Textile industry
Who invented a large spinning machine called a water frame?
Richard Arkwright
Name two things that the water frame did to help the textile industry.
Lowered the cost of cotton cloth and increased the speed of textile production.
How many cotton threads could the water frame produce at the same time?
Dozens of cotton threads
Where were large textile mills mostly built near due to the water frame?
Rivers and streams
Which country built textile machines, which allowed them to produce cloth more quickly and inexpensively than other countries?
Great Britain
Samuel Slater immigrated to the United States after memorizing plans on how to build what in America?
A textile mill.
Where did Samuel Slater open his first textile mill?
Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Who invented a cotton thread for sewing during the Industrial Revolution?
His wife.
Where were the most textile mills built during the Industrial Revolution?
In the north.
Where were the fewest textile mills built at during the Industrial Revolution?
The South
Why might it be a problem for skilled workers at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution? (Give two reasons)
Parts were produced by hand and no two parts were alike.
How was most manufacturing done at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?
By hand
Why was it a problem fitting the machine parts together?
It took time and skill.
Describe the term interchangeable parts?
The idea of using identical parts in items like machines and weapons.
Who came up with the idea of interchangeable parts?
Eli Whitney.
What is mass production?
The fact that interchangeable parts speed up the efficient production of large numbers of goods.
Why did U.S. manufacturing grow slowly at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?
Government officials believed few people would choose to work in factories if they could own a farm.
Why was it difficult for many manufacturing companies to compete with British companies?
British prices made it difficult for American companies to compete.
What led to the protection of American companies during the Industrial Revolution?
Higher tariffs (taxes).