Vocabulary #1
Scientist who discovered the laws of gravity, raising hopes that all of the universe acted according to certain fixed and fundamental laws
Isaac Newton
Which economic system had the goal of gaining as much gold and silver as possible for the mother country's treasury?
A. Mercantilism
B. Free enterprise system
C. Feudalism
D. Barter system
A. Mercantilism
Which sources of knowledge were most central to the Scientific Revolution?
A. Tradition and reliance on Church teaching.
B. Observation and experimentation.
C. Classical learning and travel.
D. Divine wisdom and Biblical text.
B. Observation and experimentation.
Which movement is most closely associated with the major ideas of Locke, Montesquieu & Voltaire?
A. Scientific Revolution
B. Renaissance
C. Reformation
D. Enlightenment
D. Enlightenment
The transition from the local economies of the Middle Ages to an economy based on overseas trade, the extension of banking and credit, and mercantilist policies.
Commercial Revolution
Englishman who wrote that man is “nasty and brutish” in nature and needs a central authority to keep order, or society would break down.
Thomas Hobbes
Which quotation would most likely have been made by an absolute monarch?
A. “It is the parliament that must make the laws.”
B. “The government must be based on a sound constitution.”
C. “The rights and prohibitions of the nation are joined with my body and reside in my hands alone. Public order in its entirety comes from me.”
D. “People in a state of nature are solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.
C. “The rights and prohibitions of the nation are joined with my body and reside in my hands alone. Public order in its entirety comes from me.”
The heliocentric model, the development of inductive reasoning, and the work of Robert Boyle are all associated with which revolution?
A. Commercial Revolution
B. Agricultural Revolution
C. Financial Revolution
D. Scientific Revolution
D. Scientific Revolution
Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia were all considered absolute rulers because they…
A. Broke from the Roman Catholic Church.
B. Helped feudal lords build secure castles.
C. Instituted programs that gave more power to their parliaments.
D. Made government decisions without the consent of their people.
D. Made government decisions without the consent of their people.
Rejected traditional Church teachings. Introduced scientific method in which people observed nature and tested hypotheses
Scientific Revolution
Irish chemist who conducted experiments on gases at different temperatures. He is sometimes known as the “Father of Chemistry.”
Robert Boyle
Speaker A: Although I spread serfdom in my country, I tried to modernize our society by adopting aspects of western technology.
Speaker B: I promoted culture with my support of the arts. Unfortunately, I drained my country’s treasury by building my palace at Versailles and involving my country in costly wars.
Speaker C: I gained much wealth from my overseas empire in the Americas. I waged war against the Protestants and lost.
Which speaker represents the view of King Louis XIV of France?
Speaker B
"I inherited the throne and imprisoned my foes without a trial. I dissolved Parliament because I did not want to consult with them when I increased taxes."
The quote represents a view that would have most likely been held by the monarch of what country?
England
Speaker A: I promoted culture with my support of the arts. Unfortunately, I drained my country’s treasury by building my palace at Versailles and involving my country in costly wars.
Speaker B: I gained much wealth from my overseas empire in the Americas. I waged war against the Protestants and lost.
The speakers quoted above would most likely have been supporters of what type of government?
Absolute monarchy
Argued for separation of powers in The Spirit of Laws
Montesquieu
Englishman who wrote that people enter into a social contract, and that government power comes from the people it governs, who have the right to overthrow an abusive government.
John Locke
Philosophers of the Enlightenment believed that society could best be improved by…
A. Relying on faith and divine right.
B. Borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome.
C. Applying reason and the laws of nature.
D. Following royal commands.
C. Applying reason and the laws of nature.
“I suppose men to have reached the point where the obstacles to their survival in the state of nature have resistance that cannot be overcome by the forces each individual has at his disposal. Men now have only one way of preserving themselves: [to join with others] to surrender [their] rights to the whole community.” -Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract
Based on this passage, Rousseau would most likely agree that…
A. People should submit to the will of the community.
B. Political authority should be hereditary.
C. Monarchs owe their power to the will of God.
D. The main goal of government is to protect the monarchy.
A. People should submit to the will of the community.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the…
A. Separation of nationalities.
B. Religious values of the people.
C. Equal distribution of wealth.
D. Consent of the governed
D. Consent of the governed
Stated that government should follow the people’s “general will.” His writings inspired the democratic ideals of the French Revolution
Rousseau
English jurist who explained the common law, and who defined the rights of individuals under English law.
William Blackstone
What was a common effect of the Magna Carta, the English Civil War, and the English Bill of Rights?
A. Limits on the powers of English monarchs.
B. Laws protecting the rights of Catholics.
C. The creation of England’s colonial empire.
D. Limits to the abuses of Parliament.
A. Limits on the powers of English monarchs.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness…”
This statement most closely reflects the philosophy of…
A. Adam Smith
B. Galileo Galilei
C. Thomas Hobbes
D. John Locke
D. John Locke
With which statement would a supporter of "divine right" most likely agree with?
A. People have the right to overthrow an oppressive ruler.
B. Kings should govern to maximize their own pleasure.
C. Kings represent God’s will on Earth.
D. Kings derive their power from a social contract with their subjects.
C. Kings represent God’s will on Earth.
Enlightenment thinker whose views on religious toleration and intellectual freedom influenced leaders of the American and French Revolutions.
Voltaire