Central Dogma
Name the flow of the central dogma.
What is DNA --> RNA --> Protein?
Name the three main types of RNA.
What is mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA?
These three components make up a transcription unit.
What is the promoter, RNA-coding region, and terminator?
Name the steps of transcription
What is initiation, elongation, and termination?
This type of termination contains a row of inverted repeats and a string of A nucleotides.
What is rho-independent?
This scientist proposed the central dogma.
Who is Francis Crick?
There are two main roles of RNA in the cell:
What is to transfer and regulate information?
These two sequences are responsible for orientating the polymerase to the promoter.
What is Pribnow box (-10) and -35 upstream?
Follow up Q: Which strand are they found on?
A: Non-template strand!
In this termination mechanism, the RNA hairpin loop causes RNA polymerase to pause.
What is rho-indpeendent?
This is the process of creating mRNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
This structure of RNA determines its function in the cell.
What is secondary structure?
Describe the terms upstream and downstream, as well as which nucleotide marks the transcription start site.
Upstream = 5' and assigned - numbers
Downstream = 3' and assigned + numbers
TSS = +1
During this step, nucleotides are added at a rate of ___________.
What is ~40/sec?
Marks the elongation step
In this termination mechanism, rho factor binds to an upstream rut site.
This is the process of making proteins from mRNA.
What is translation?
This type of RNA molecule can serve as a catalyst for some chemical reactions.
What is a ribozyme?
These two components make up the RNA polymerase holoenzyme in bacteria.
What is the RNA polymerase + sigma factor?
Name the two types of termination.
What is rho-independent and rho-dependent?
The pausing in rho-independent causes....
The pausing in rho-dependent causes...
1. DNA and RNA base pairs to destabilize.
2. Rho factor catches up to the termination site
A retrovirus uses this enzyme to transcribe their RNA genome into DNA for the host cell to reproduce.
What is reverse transcriptase?
RNA provides these four types of nucleotides:
What is A, G, C, U?
The RNA polymerase holoenzyme is responsible for what role in bacteria?
What is recognizing and binding to the promoter sequence to initiate transcription?
Terminator sequences cause three things to occur:
What is:
1. RNA transcription stops
2. New RNA molecule is released
3. RNA Polymerase detaches from DNA template
What is the role of rho factor?
Catches up to termination site at the 3' end and unwinds DNA-RNA binding.