Chapter 13 Volcanoes

Key Terms

100

Liquid rock produced under the Earths surface

MAGMA

200

Magma that flows onto Earths surface; rock then forms when this cools and solidifies.

LAVA

300

a vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled.

VOLCANO

400

Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color

MAFIC

500

Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspar and silica and that is generally rich in color.

FELSIC

Chapter 13.1

100

Despite high temperatures, most of the mantle remains solid because of this.

HIGH PRESSURE

200

How does the density of magma compar to the surrounding rock, why does magma ruse upward through the crust?

BECAUSE THE MAGMA IS LESS DENSE THAN THE SURROUND ROCK

300

A major zone of active volcanoes encircling that Pacific Ocean is called.

The PACIFIC RING OF FIRE.

400

How do plates move relative to one another in a subduction zone?

ONE PLATE MOVE UNDER THE OTHER PLATE

500

Long chains of active volcanoes with intense seismic activity found along convergent tectonic plate boundaries like the islands of Japan, the Aleutian Islands of Alaska or some of the islands in the Philippians form a volcanic feature known as

AN ISLAND ARC

Chapter 13.2

100

This is the resistance to flowing.

VISCOSITY.

200

There are four major types of major types of lava that flow from volcanoes, name at least three.

AA, BLOCKY, PILLOW, PAHOEHOE

300

This type of pyroclastic material has a particle size of less than 0.25mm and is the smallest of the pyroclastic materials.

VOLCANID DUST

400

These types of volcanos are broad at the base and have gently sloping sides. Many of the Hawaiian Islands are classified as this type of volcano

SHIELD VOLCANO

500

When the magma chamber below a volcano empties, the volcanix cone may collapse and leave a large, basin-shaped depression called a

CALDERA

Famous Eruptions

100

Washington State, USA. 1980

Mount St. Helens

200

Island of Luzon, Philippines, 1991

Mount Pinatubo

300

Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian, 1883

KRAKATUA

400

Large island of Hawaii, 1984 (Earths Largest, active volcano)

Mauna Loa

500

Southern Italy’s Campania region, near the coast of the Bay of Naples. 79 AD

Mount Vesuvius

Volcano Response

100

On December 27, 1935 what is a small squadron of Keystone B3 biplanes do to Hawaii's Mauna Loa Volcano?

Dropped 20 bombs onto it.

200

The tiny Icelandic town of Vestmannaeyjar, known as the "Pompeii of the North." On January 23, 1973, a fissure ripped the island of Heimaey open, releasing a fountain of lava. How did residents respond?

An enormous and largely-successful effort was made to slow and control the lava flow by pumping seawater and spraying the leading edge of the flows.

300

During that 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption, several natural and common climatic events complicated the eruption recovery efforts and lead to many deaths.

Monsoon rains, flooding and landslides.

400

During the 1980 Mauana Loa eruption in Hawaii, how did villagers respond to the incoming lava flows?

They had plenty of time to prepare and move. Some villagers even moved their houses out of the lava flows path.

500

After Mount Saint Helen's lost nearly 1,200 feet of elevation due to a massive eruption, what is now being recorded within the caldera.

The volcano is growing in height, upto 5 meters per day.