chapter 14
This is the organized picture of chromosomes arranged by size and number
What is a karyotype?
This ship carried Darwin on his 5-year voyage around the world in 1831
What is the HMS Beagle?
These organs, like the appendix, are no longer useful but remain in the body.
What are vestigial organs?
This is the complete set of genes in a population
What is a gene pool?
This random change in allele frequencies occurs most often in small populations
What is genetic drift?
This genetic disorder is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 due to nondisjunction
What is Down syndrome?
This 1859 book explained Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
What is On the Origin of Species?
This term describes body parts in different species that share similar structures
What are homologous structures?
This principle states that allele frequencies stay constant if no evolution occurs
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
This occurs when a small group starts a new population with different allele frequencies
What is the founder effect?
This blood factor can cause erythroblastosis fetalis when an Rh– mother carries an Rh+ baby
What is the Rh factor?
This process is also known as “survival of the fittest.”
What is natural selection?
This is the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms
What is a fossil?
This type of selection favors individuals at one extreme of a trait
What is directional selection?
This is a change in DNA sequence
What is a mutation?
This project, started in 1990, aimed to map and analyze the entire human DNA sequence
What is the Human Genome Project?
These islands helped Darwin develop his ideas after studying finches and tortoises
What are the Galápagos Islands?
This type of selection is when humans choose desirable traits in organisms
What is artificial selection?
This type of selection favors individuals in the middle of a trait range
What is stabilizing selection?
This type of trait is controlled by two or more genes and shows a bell-shaped curve
What is a polygenic trait?
This technique creates a unique pattern of DNA bands using restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis
What is DNA fingerprinting?
This scientist proposed the “Law of Use and Disuse.”
Who is Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
According to Darwin, evolution occurs in this level of organization, not individuals
What is a population?
This type of selection favors both extremes of a trait
What is disruptive selection?
This is the formation of a new species
What is speciation?