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Shock is MOST accurately defined as:
A. massive internal bleeding.
B. cardiovascular system collapse.
C. excess carbon dioxide removal.
D. failure of the respiratory system.
Answer: B
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart:
A. cannot pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body.
B. pumps inadequately, causing blood to back up in the vessels.
C. is damaged and unable to beat more than 60 times per minute.
D. pumps against increased pressure within the circulatory system.
A. cannot pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body
Laying a shock patient flat and elevating his or her legs may cause:
A. a decreased risk of vomiting and subsequent aspiration.
B. blood to drain from the legs into the circulatory system.
C. improvement if the patient also has a severe head injury.
D. the patient to breathe easier if respiratory distress is present.
B. blood to drain from the legs into the circulatory system
Which of the following statements regarding arterial bleeding from an extremity is correct?
A. Arterial bleeding is not as serious as capillary bleeding.
B. Your first action should be to elevate the injured extremity.
C. Arterial blood will surge from the wound with each heartbeat.
D. This type of bleeding is easier to control than venous bleeding is
C. Arterial blood will surge from the wound with each heartbeat
To control external bleeding from the upper arm, you should compress the __________ artery.
A. radial
B. carotid
C. femoral
D. brachial
D. brachial
Any time you approach a patient with a soft-tissue injury, your MOST immediate priority should be to:
A. cover the injury.
B. control all bleeding.
C. ensure a patent airway.
D. take standard precautions.
D. take standard precautions
What occurs when blood pools in the capillaries instead of circulating throughout the circulatory system?
A. The pulse rate falls.
B. The skin reddens.
C. Breathing decreases.
D. Blood pressure falls
D. Blood pressure falls
Oxygen benefits the shock patient because it:
A. provides quick relief from pain and anxiety.
B. saturates the reduced number of red blood cells.
C. activates platelets and helps to stop hemorrhage.
D. generates heat and maintains body temperature.
B. saturates the reduced number of red blood cells
When treating a patient in shock caused by pump failure, you should NOT lay the patient down if he or she:
A. has low blood pressure.
B. is having trouble breathing.
C. has a history of heart attacks.
D. has slow, shallow respirations
B. is having trouble breathing
Compression of the femoral artery could be used to control external bleeding from all of the following locations, EXCEPT the:
A. wrist.
B. thigh.
C. lower leg.
D. upper leg
A. wrist
The transporting medium for the solid parts of the blood is called:
A. water.
B. oxygen.
C. plasma.
D. lymphatic fluid.
C. plasma.
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?
A. Anaphylactic shock does not affect the capillaries.
B. Anaphylactic shock usually has a very rapid onset.
C. Anaphylactic shock is the most common type of shock.
D. Penicillin is the most common cause of anaphylactic shock
B. Anaphylactic shock usually has a very rapid onset.
Patients with cardiogenic shock stand the BEST chance for survival if they:
A. have their lower extremities elevated 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm).
B. receive paramedic-level care within 30 to 45 minutes.
C. receive 100% supplemental oxygen as soon as possible.
D. are transported promptly to an appropriate medical facility.
D. are transported promptly to an appropriate medical facility
In addition to ensuring adequate breathing and circulation, the MOST important treatment consideration for the patient in spinal shock is:
A. keeping the patient’s head and neck stabilized.
B. assisting the paramedics with advanced care.
C. elevating the lower extremities 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm).
D. giving the patient water by mouth, if necessary.
A. keeping the patient’s head and neck stabilized
A construction worker was struck on the upper arm with a 2" × 4". He is in severe pain and is holding his arm against his chest. Your assessment reveals a large contusion and swelling at the injury site. You should:
A. suspect an underlying fracture.
B. manipulate his arm to elicit pain.
C. apply direct pressure to the injury.
D. advise him to see his family physician.
A. suspect an underlying fracture
The pulse is a pressure wave generated through the body’s arteries when the __________ contracts.
A. aorta
B. left atrium
C. right atrium
D. left ventricle
D. left ventricle
To compensate for fluid loss, the heart:
A. begins to pump faster.
B. rate becomes slower.
C. rhythm becomes irregular.
D. decreases its pumping force.
A. begins to pump faster
Which of the following medications would a patient who is highly allergic to bee stings MOST likely carry?
A. aspirin
B. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
C. epinephrine
D. activated charcoal
C. epinephrine
You are attempting to control severe bleeding from a laceration behind a patient’s knee. You have applied direct pressure to the wound and elevated the leg, but it continues to bleed severely. You should:
A. elevate both of the patient’s legs.
B. apply pressure to the femoral artery.
C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the knee.
D. apply a pressure dressing to the wound.
C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the knee
The tearing away of an entire body part is called a(n):
A. avulsion.
B. laceration.
C. amputation.
D. strangulation injury
C. amputation
If a patient appears to be in shock or is unconscious, you should attempt to locate the __________ first.
A. radial pulse
B. carotid pulse
C. femoral pulse
D. posterior tibial pulse
B. carotid pulse
As shock progresses in severity, breathing becomes:
A. deep and rapid.
B. rapid and shallow.
C. slow and irregular.
D. deep and irregular.
B. rapid and shallow
Why is prompt transport of patients with internal bleeding and shock critical to the survival of such patients?
A. There is no effective prehospital treatment for these patients.
B. Patients with internal bleeding do not present with classic signs of shock.
C. Immediate surgery is often the only way to treat such patients definitively.
D. A physician must perform an in-depth examination of these patients.
C. Immediate surgery is often the only way to treat such patients definitively
Which of the following statements regarding external bleeding and infectious diseases is MOST correct?
A. Hepatitis is the only infectious disease transmitted by the blood.
B. The risk of contracting a disease is low if you use standard precautions.
C. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected blood will easily soak through a pair of sterile exam gloves.
D. Wearing three pairs of gloves reduces your chance of being infected
B. The risk of contracting a disease is low if you use standard precautions
Which of the following statements regarding face and scalp wounds is correct?
A. Face and scalp lacerations often result in severe shock.
B. Small lacerations can result in a large amount of bleeding.
C. Never use direct pressure to control bleeding from the scalp.
D. Bleeding from scalp lacerations is very difficult to control.
B. Small lacerations can result in a large amount of bleeding