Someone who lives or stays in a place, such as in a country.
What is a resident?
100
Europe has a wide variation in its ___________; arrangement of physical features, e.g. mountains.
What is topography?
100
Son of Charles Martel; the first king of a new dynasty and one of the most famous rulers of the Middle Ages.
Who is Charlemagne?
100
One of the earliest and most famous Christian missionaries.
Who is St. Patrick?
100
A grant of land is called ______________.
What is a fief?
200
To become too weak to continue.
What is collapse?
200
Rivers were important in European history because..
What is they bring water to farmland and form natural boundaries?
200
The main strength of Charlemagne's empire.
What is he was a just ruler who encouraged law and learning.
200
Pope Gregory I ____________ England to Christianity.
What is converted?
200
Peasants who were legally "tied" to the lord's land and could not leave it.
What are serfs?
300
To introduce or start a system or rule.
What is institute?
300
Historians describe the beginning of the Middle Ages as a _____________.
What is a "dark age"?
300
The main weakness of Charlemagne's empire.
What is it did not have a strong government structure like that of the Roman Empire?
300
He worked to convert pagans to Roman Catholicism in Germany and the Netherlands.
Who is Saint Boniface?
300
Both European and Japanese feudalism involved an exchange of ________ for services.
What is land?
400
To include something.
What is involve?
400
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, many new kingdoms formed, including the ___________.
What is Franks?
400
Monasteries and religious orders promoted what kind of teachings?
What is Christian?
400
"Its leaves remain evergreen in its darkest days: let Christ be your constant light." The leaves of a __________ .
What is a fir tree?
400
The four groups (or levels) of a feudal society structure.
What are the King, powerful nobles and churchmen, knights, and peasant farmers?
500
Position that someone has in society.
What is a role?
500
New ruler Charles Martel's nickname, which describes him as a fierce victor.
What is "Charles the Hammer"?
500
When the Roman Empire collapsed, Christianity had not spread far beyond the Mediterranean Sea; however, _________ worked to spread Christianity across Europe.
What are missionaries?
500
Eventually, most peoples of Europe were united under faith, and referred to themselves as part of _________________.
What is Christendom?
500
The years following Charlemagne's death were terrifying because ____________________________ .
What is vikings and other invaders attacked western Europe?