Properties
This type of substance tastes sour and turns blue litmus paper red.
What is an acid?
(Acids are defined by sour taste and litmus color change [blue>red].)
According to Arrhenius, acids produce these ions in aqueous solutions.
What are H+ ions?
(Arrhenius defined acids as H+ producers in water.)
The main acid in lemons and limes is this carboxylic acid.
(Hint: Think of the word "citrus".)
What is citric acid?
(Citric acid gives citrus fruits their sour taste.)
At 25 degrees C, the ion product constant for water (Kw) equals this value.
What is 1.0 x 10-14M ?
(Kw= [H30+][OH-]= 1.0 x 10-14 at 25 degrees C.)
A solution with pH < 7 is classified as this.
What is acidic?
(pH< 7 is acidic)
Bases feel slippery because they react with these on your skin to form soap-like substances.
What are oils?
(Bases react with skin oils, producing soap-like compounds that feel slippery.)
According to Arrhenius, bases produce these ions in aqueous solutions.
What are OH- ions?
(Arrhenius defined bases as OH- producers in water.)
This acid is the main component of stomach acid.
(Hint: It is commonly used in a laboratory setting.)
What is hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
(HCl aids digestion and kills bacteria in the stomach.)
In a neutral solution at 25 degrees C, both [H30] and [OH-] equal this concentration.
What is 1.0 x 10-7 M?
(Neutral water has equal concentrations of both ions.)
A solution with pH = 7 is classified as this.
What is neutral?
(Pure water has a pH=7)
This household product contains sodium bicarbonate, which neutralizes stomach acid.
What is baking soda?
(Sodium bicarbonate acts as an antacid, neutralizing excess HCl in the stomach.)
In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, acids are proton donors. What are bases?
What are proton acceptors?
(Bronsted-Lowry expanded acid-base theory to proton transfer.)
This base is the active ingredient in drain cleaners like Drano.
What is sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
(NaOH dissolves organic matter and unclogs drains.)
If [H30+]= 2.0 x 10-6 M, classify the solution.
What is acidic?
([H30+]> 1.0 x 10-7 M -> acidic)
A solution has a pH=9. Is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
What is basic?
(pH > 7 is basic)
Acids dissolve many metals, releasing this type of gas.
What is Hydrogen gas (H2)?
(Acid + Metal -> salt + Hydrogen Gas)
This Swedish chemist first proposed the Arrhenius definition in the 1800's.
Who is Svante Arrhenius?
(Arrhenius defined acids/bases based on ion production.)
Malic acid is found in these fruits and beverages.
What are apples, grapes, and wine?
(Malic acid contributes tartness to fruits and wine.)
If [OH-]= 4.0 x 10-8 M, classify the solution.
What is acidic?
([OH-]< 1.0 x 10-7 M -> acidic.
The solution is acidic because the hydronium [H30+] ion concentration is greater than neutral, even though we were given [OH⁻].)
A solution has [H₃O⁺] = 3.2 × 10⁻⁴ M. Calculate its pH.
What is 3.49?
Soap is considered basic because it contains this ion.
What is OH- (hydroxide)?
(Bases produce hydroxide ions, giving soap its slippery, basic character.)
Water is amphoteric, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base. What is the term for this property?
What is amphoterism?
(Amphoteric substances can donate or accept protons depending on the reaction.)
This household cleaner contains ammonia, a weak base.
(Hint: Think of Windex.)
What is window cleaner?
(Ammonia solutions are common in household cleaning products.)
A solution has [H₃O⁺] = 5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ M. Calculate [OH⁻].
What is 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ M?
([OH⁻] = Kw / [H₃O⁺] = (1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴) / (5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰).)
A solution has pH = 11.2. Calculate [H₃O⁺].
What is 6.3 × 10⁻¹² M?