What's between your ears
Describe projection tracts
Projection tracts run vertically to allow communication between the cerebrum and lower regions of the brain/spinal cord
What are the three major divisions of the brain?
-Cerebrum
-Cerebellum
-Brainstem
What nerve controls sense of smell?
-Olfactory nerve
What are the main functions controlled by the limbic system?
-Emotions, Memory, Motivation, and Survival Behaviors
True or false?
The bumps on the cerebrum are called folia
-False
Which tracts allow communication between hemispheres, and which tracts allow communication within the same hemisphere?
1. Commissural tracts
2. Association tracts
Match the function to its lobe of the cerebrum
-Primary somatosensory center
-Primary vision center
-Primary hearing center
-Voluntary motor control, consciousness, judgment, etc
-Parietal
-Occipital
-Temporal
-Frontal
Which cranial nerve has the widest distribution?
-Vagus Nerve
What are the main functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
-Buoyancy, Protection, Chemical stability
Is this gray or white matter?
-Found deep in the brain tissue, consists of bundles of myelinated axons called tracts, transmits signals between brain regions and spinal cord
-White Matter
List each of the brain ventricles and how they are connected
-Two lateral ventricles, one in each hemisphere, connect to the third ventricle via the interventricular foramen. Third connects to the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct
What is located between the cerebrum and the brainstem, and the three structures it consists of?
1. Diencephalon
2. Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Epithalamus
Name every cranial nerve associated with the eye
-Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens
List the 7 integrative functions
-Sleep, Cognition, Memory, Emotion, Sensation, Motor Control, Language
List the three layers of the meninges and the order they are arranged in
-Dura Mater (outer), Arachnoid Mater (middle), Pia Mater (inner)
What is the purpose of the meninges?
1. Protective covering for brain
2. Structural framework for blood vessels
What part of brain controls visceral functions? (swallowing, chewing, speech,)
What part of brain has 4 lobes? (superior pair-controls visual functions) (inferior pair-auditory functions)
1. Medulla Oblongata
2. Midbrain
What do all of these nerves have in common?
Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Accessory, Hypoglossal
-They are all motor nerves
What is the purpose of non-REM sleep and how many stages does it have?
1. Restorative Sleep
2. Four Stages
What system is being described?
-Semi-permeable
-Tight junctions between endothelial cells
-Permits nutrients, oxygen, glucose, etc.
-Blocks toxins, pathogens, etc.
-Blood-Brain Barrier
Name the brain structures that make up the limbic system
Of these structures, which one is responsible for evaluating threats?
1. Hippocampus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus
2. Amygdala
Match each function to its major part of the brain
-Secretes melatonin, regulates sleep/wake cycle
-Homeostasis regulation center
-Location of arbor vitae, coordinates movements for balance, posture, locomotion
1. Pineal Gland
2. Hypothalamus
3. Cerebellum
Name the largest cranial nerve, each of its three branches, and their basic functions?
1. Trigeminal
2. Ophthalmic Division, Maxillary Division, Mandibular
3. Sensations from the Upper Face, Sensations from the Middle Face, Sensations from the Lower Face and Controls Muscle for Chewing
What is the purpose of REM sleep, and what does REM stand for?
1. Consolidation of short-term memories into long-term
2. Rapid Eye Movement
What part of the brain controls the behavior of animals, not including humans?
What part of the brain controls the behavior of humans?
1. Limbic System
2. Frontal Lobe