14.1
This economic & political system of medieval Europe involved nobles granting vassals land in exchange for loyalty.
feudalism
The code of honorable conduct for knights.
chivalry
While Arab Muslims largely tolerated Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land, this other group of Muslims overtook the region and banned them in the 1000s.
Turks / Seljuk Turks
These communities of people share territory, a government, and often a common language or culture.
nations
A
England
Large estates owned by medieval lords. (Please! Thanks! Excuse me!)
manors
As cities and job opportunities grew, these medieval organizations of crafts workers and tradespeople started forming.
guilds
The First Crusade succeeded in capturing this holy city in 1099.
Jerusalem
This king in England went mad with power (jailing people without trial, seizing property, and taxing excessively), angering both the nobility and the clergy.
King John
E
Constantinople
This type of peasant was considered part of the estate on which they worked.
serf
Expulsion from membership in the Church, or this term, was a constant threat that helped the Church exert its political influence.
excommunication
This pope launched the Crusades to control the Holy Land & unite Europeans against a common enemy. (He was more of a city guy too)
Urban II
In 1215, *this document* was signed to limit the King of England's power & create *this legislative council* comprised of lords and clergy.
Magna Carta / Parliament
B
France
In return for his support of the Church, Pope Leo III crowned this Western European leader emperor in 800.
Charlemagne
This system was the name for Christian scholars studying ancient Greek texts that said people should use reason to discover truth.
scholasticism
During the Crusades, the important city of Constantinople was within the borders of this Eastern European empire.
Byzantine Empire
The name for a long series of clashes between England & France from 1337-1453.
The Hundred Years' War
C
Rome
Skilled sailors & tough warriors who invaded European towns from the north.
Vikings
These iconic European religious buildings featured huge stained glass windows to make biblical teachings accessible to the illiterate.
cathedrals
Although they failed to permanently take over the Holy Land, the Crusades had at least a couple positive impacts including:
-increased trade (plus demand for exotic items like rugs, jewelry, glass, spices)
-increased banking
-spread of new ideas (esp. Arab medicine, mathematics, technology)
-more knowledge of mapping and shipbuilding
This young peasant girl became an iconic martyr after rallying French forces to victory over England at Orleans (Old Orleans) in 1429.
Joan of Arc
F
Jerusalem / the Holy Land