All about the labs!
How many different blood types are there?
4 (A, AB, B, O)
What is the number one way you as the nurse can educate your sickle cell patient regarding prevention of a sickle cell crisis?
Hydration!
What are the two components that make up blood?
Formed elements and plasma
What is a patient with Thrombocytopenia most at risk for and why?
bleeding (low platelets = inability to clot effectively)
The release of what bodily compound causes the yellowing of eyes in severely anemic patients?
Bilirubin
What two lab tests help determine abnormalities in clotting
PT/INR
APTT
Name two foods high in iron that will help your anemic patient make more RBCs?
Kidney beans, cooked prunes, cooked shrimp, egg yolks, raisins, spinach and green leafy vegetables, turkey
Which organ initiates blood cell production?
Kidneys (makes erythropoietin which prompts erythrocyte production in bone marrow)
What is the best treatment for polycythemia vera?
phlebotomy
Why is excessive physical activity and sports discouraged with sickle cell patients
Increases the bodies O2 demand which leads to increase in sickling cells and clumping together
What is the normal total leukocyte range for an adult?
4500 to 11,000/mm3
What type of anemia is hydroxyurea used for and what does it do to RBCs?
Sickle cell anemia
Makes RBC larger, rounder and more flexible
What are the three WBC granulocytes?
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
A patient with what diagnosis would you want to move carefully because it could cause potential fractures?
Multiple myeloma
What disorder causes excessive clotting followed by diminished clotting factors
DIC
What is the normal platelet count in an adult?
150,000 to 450,000
Give me two ways you can treat aplastic anemia?
Iron supplements, Vitamins, Diet adjustment, Blood transfusion, Vitamin B12
What is the primary purpose of platelets?
Platelets provide the first line of protection to prevent bleeding by promoting clotting when the wall of a blood vessel has been damaged.
What are two interventions that you could do when caring for a patient with leukemia?
Potential for infection
Abnormal bleeding
Anemia
Nutritional alteration with severe anorexia and weight loss
Increased levels of uric acid in the urine and blood (due to chemotherapy)
Psychosocial problems related to the effects of the disease as well as the prescribed treatment
If a father has hemophilia and a mother is not a carrier of hemophilia, what are the chances that the offspring males will have hemophilia?
0%
What is the normal range for an adult hemoglobin level?
12 - 18 g/dL
Give me one sign/symptom of anemia from each body system below: eyes, skin, cardiac, respiratory, GI, musculoskeletal, neuro:
Eyes- blurred vision, eye yellowing, retinal hemorrhage
Skin- pallor, jaundice, pail nail beds/mucous membranes, brittle nails
Cardiovascular- palpitations, tachycardia, murmurs, CHF, MI
Respiratory- tachypnea, orthopnea, dyspnea
Gastrointestinal- anorexia, enlarged liver/spleen, difficulty swallowing
Musculoskeletal- bone pain, leg cramps, weakness
Neurologic- Headache, dizziness, impaired thinking, fatigue, insomnia
Give me three functions of blood?
Transportation of water, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and medications to the cells
Transportation of carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells
Regulation of fluid volume and electrolyte distribution
Regulation of pH and acid-base balance with its buffering ability
Regulation of body temperature
Providing clotting factors for hemostasis
What is an x-linked disorder that would require prophylactic treatment prior to an invasive procedure
hemophilia
What are three age related hematologic system changes?
Plasma volume decreases after age 60 years; older individuals have less blood volume.
Reduced bone marrow inhibits full production of blood cells, so the immune response is decreased, making the older person more susceptible to infection.
New cells are produced at a slower rate, and correction of anemia becomes a longer process.
Antibody response to vaccines is also decreased.
When blood loss occurs, an older adult patient is at greater risk for hypovolemia and shock.
Blood is more prone to coagulate, because platelets tend to aggregate more with advancing age