1
Individuals with OCD perform compulsions because they:
A. Enjoy the rituals
B. Want to entertain others
C. Attempt to reduce distress or prevent a feared outcome
D. Are unaware of their behavior
C. Attempt to reduce distress or prevent a feared outcome
Classification systems in psychopathology are important because they:
A. Eliminate all cultural biases
B. Allow clinicians to communicate about disorders consistently
C. Replace the need for research
D. Prevent changes in diagnostic criteria
B. Allow clinicians to communicate about disorders consistently
A core feature of hoarding disorder is:
A. Fear of contamination
B. Difficulty discarding possessions regardless of value
C. Excessive handwashing
D. Body-image preoccupation
B. Difficulty discarding possessions regardless of value
A positive symptom of schizophrenia is:
A. Flat affect
B. Social withdrawal
C. Delusions or hallucinations
D. Reduced speech
C. Delusions or hallucinations
Hyperarousal in PTSD includes:
A. Jumpiness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping
B. Excessive optimism
C. Loss of motor function
D. Increased appetite
A. Jumpiness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping
According to the harmful dysfunction model, a psychological disorder involves:
A. A behavior that others find annoying
B. A biological or psychological mechanism failing to perform its natural function
C. Any violation of cultural rules
D. A temporary reaction to stress
B. A biological or psychological mechanism failing to perform its natural function
Body dysmorphic disorder involves:
A. Avoiding social interactions
B.Fear of weight gain
C. Excessive preoccupation with a perceived physical flaw
D. Sudden episodes of panic
C. Excessive preoccupation with a perceived physical flaw
A hallmark symptom of PTSD is:
A. Re-experiencing a traumatic event through flashbacks
B. Obsessions and compulsions
C. Chronic euphoria
D. Loss of motor function
A. Re-experiencing a traumatic event through flashbacks
Which symptom is most typical of major depressive disorder?
A. Excessive talking
B. Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
C. High energy and impulsivity
D. Delusions
B. Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
An important environmental factor in the development of anxiety is:
A. Excess dopamine
B. Enlarged ventricles
C. Experiencing chronic stress
D. Low body temperature
C. Experiencing chronic stress
Specific phobias differ from general anxiety because they:
A. Involve fear triggered by a particular object or situation
B. Cause constant worry about daily issues
C. Always lead to panic attacks
D. Only occur in childhood
A. Involve fear triggered by a particular object or situation
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include:
A. Flat affect and reduced emotional expression
B. Delusions
C. Hallucinations
D. Disorganized speech
A. Flat affect and reduced emotional expression
One symptom cluster of major depressive disorder is:
A. Sleep and appetite disturbances
B. Extreme talkativeness
C. Hallucinations
D. Flashbacks
A. Sleep and appetite disturbances
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) involves:
A. Repetitive unwanted thoughts
B. Excessive worry about various topics for at least six months
C. Fear of social performance
D. Fear of having panic attacks
B. Excessive worry about various topics for at least six months
The DSM-5 primarily organizes disorders based on:
A. Causes
B. Observable symptoms and clusters of features
C. Insurance requirements
D. Cultural preferences
B. Observable symptoms and clusters of features
Which category of disorders is generally the most common?
A. Dissociative disorders
B. Anxiety disorders
C. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
D. Bipolar disorders
B. Anxiety disorders
The diathesis–stress model argues that disorders result from:
A. Stress alone
B. Parenting problems
C. A predisposition combined with environmental stress
D. Learned modeling
C. A predisposition combined with environmental stress
Learning theories explain PTSD through:
A. Increased dopamine production
B.Cultural rituals
C.Genetic mutations alone
D.Fear conditioning and generalization
D.Fear conditioning and generalization
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD):
A. Includes mania
B. Lasts only two weeks
C. Is less severe but more chronic than major depressive disorder
D. Requires hospitalization
C. Is less severe but more chronic than major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder differs from major depressive disorder because it:
A. Has no depressive symptoms
B. Affects only older adults
C. Includes manic or hypomanic episodes
D. Is purely situational
C. Includes manic or hypomanic episodes
Biological contributors to anxiety disorders include:
A. Low dopamine levels
B. Overactive brain circuits such as the amygdala
. Understimulation of the hippocampus
D. Low adrenaline production
B. Overactive brain circuits such as the amygdala
Research on prodromal symptoms aims to:
A. Prevent diagnosis
B. Find personality traits
C. Identify early warning signs to improve outcomes
D. Replace genetic research
C. Identify early warning signs to improve outcomes
Which of the following is characteristic of agoraphobia?
A. Fear of contamination
B. Fear of social performance
C. Fear of being in places where escape might be difficult
D. Fear of animals
C. Fear of being in places where escape might be difficult
A common biological finding in depression is:
A. Increased dopamine in the reward system
B. Reduced serotonin and dysfunction in stress-regulation systems
C. Excess melatonin
D. Higher blood sugar
B. Reduced serotonin and dysfunction in stress-regulation systems
Disorders with the highest heritability include:
A. Generalized anxiety disorder
B. Specific phobias
C. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
D. PTSD
C. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia