Natural Selection
Differences among individuals in a population are called this
variation
Charles Darwin made important observations on these islands
Galápagos Islands
This collection of all known fossils helps show change over time
fossil record
This is the movement of alleles between populations.
gene flow
The formation of new species is called this
speciation
This is the process by which organisms with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
Natural selection
Darwin traveled on this ship during his famous voyage.
HMS Beagle
Fossils that show traits of both older and newer species are called these.
transitional fossils
All the genes in a population make up this
gene pool
This type of selection favors one extreme of a trait
directional selection
Producing more offspring than can survive leads to this.
Competition
This is when humans choose which organisms reproduce
artificial selection
Structures with the same anatomy but different functions are called these
Homologous structures
This principle says allele frequencies stay constant if no evolution occurs
Hardy-Weinberg principle
This type of selection favors the average trait
stabilizing selection
This term means an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
Fitness
Species change over generations as traits are passed down
decent with modification
The human appendix is an example of this type of structure
vestigial structure
Random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations, is called this.
genetic drift
This type of selection favors both extremes of a trait
disruptive selection
Evolution happens to these, not individual organisms
Population
Darwin was influenced by this scientist who wrote about population growth and limited resources
Thomas Malthus
The strongest modern evidence for evolution comes from comparing this.
DNA (molecular evidence)?
This type of genetic drift happens when a small group starts a new population.
founder effect
When populations are separated by a physical barrier, this type of speciation occurs
allopatric speciation