Vocab
Evidence 4Evo
Darwin & the Galapagoes
Evolution Mechanisms
Hardy-Weinberg
100
When two species adapt together, one is response to changes in the other.
What is coevolution?
100
Looking at proteins or DNA sequences to find similarities between species is an example of ...
What is comparative biochemistry?
100
The ship that Darwin sailed around on.
What is the HMS Beagle?
100
Barnacles and limpets are analogous structures. They both live on rocky ocean shores and have shells, but their similarities end there. This is an example of what type of evolution?
What is convergent evolution?
100
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to predict this.
What is allele frequency?
200
Adaptation where one species looks or acts like another.
What is mimicry?
200
How do animal embryos show evidence of evolution?
They show similar development, with all animals passing through a similar stage (the pharyngula stage).
200
Darwin came up with his idea of natural selection at the same time as another scientist came up with the same idea. Name the other scientist.
Who is Alfred Russel Wallace?
200
Having many species arise from one common ancestor in a quick time frame is called this. Would it be an example of gradualism or punctuated equilibrium?
What is divergent evolution? It is punctuated equilibrium.
200
The fancy pants name for individuals moving in (immigrating) or moving out (emigration) of a population.
What is gene flow?
300
Reduced form of a structure that no longer has a use.
What is a vestigial structure?
300
A fossil record with lots of intermediate fossils that show small changes over a long span of time showing changes from an ancestral species to the current species is an example of which tempo of evolution.
Gradualism
300
The Galapagoes are ~610 miles off the coast of Ecuador. When species were blown/drifted/washed up on the Galapagoes they were separated from their ancestors in Ecuador. What type of reproductive isolation is this? Would it result in allopatric or sympatric speciation?
What is pre-zygotic isolating mechanism? Allopatric speciation.
300
When a tiger and a lion reproduce they make a sterile liger. What type of reproductive isolation is this?
What is post-zygotic reproductive isolation?
300
Two types of genetic drift.
What are founder effect & bottleneck effect.
400
Newly evolved trait not found in a common ancestor.
What is a derived trait?
400
How does biogeography provide evidence for evolution?
Biogeography shows that similar species are found in similar environments, even on different continents. This is because the environments are similar and therefore select for similar traits. It can also show evolutionary migration trends (like the Galapagoes species hailing from Ecuador).
400
What did Darwin notice about the finches?
They were different species and their beaks were specialized to the food sources on the island.
400
Give the four types of natural selection and how they differ.
Sexual selection is driven by mate selection. Disruptive selection is when both extremes are selected for, but the average trait is not. Directional selection is when one extreme or the other is selected for. Stabilizing selection is when the average trait is selected for, rather than the extremes.
400
Explain why large populations have less genetic drift than small populations.
Small changes in allele frequency are masked in a large population because they don't affect the percentage as heavily. 1/100 change effects the percentage by 1%, but 1/10 change effects the percentage by 10%.
500
Many cichlid species arising from one cichlid species in Lake Victoria is an example of....
What is adaptive radiation?
500
List five lines of evidence that support evolution.
Fossil record Comparative Embryology Comparative Anatomy Comparative Biochemistry Biogeography
500
What are the four principles that Darwin used to describe natural selection?
- living things overproduce (not all survive) - variations exist in populations - variations are inherited - individuals with variations that make them better suited (fit) to their environment survive more often and therefore reproduce more passing on their traits more
500
Give the difference between allopatric & sympatric speciation. Which is more common?
Allopatric is when new species arise after being physically separated. ***more common Sympatric is when new species arise while occupying the same space (not separated).
500
The five rules that must not be broken in order to use the Hardy-Weinberg principle to calculate allele frequencies accurately.
What are: large population (so no genetic drift) No Mutations No Gene flow Random mating No natural selection
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