Air Apparent
What is the windpipe called?
What is the trachea?
What muscle helps you breathe?
The diaphragm.
What are the heart’s two upper chambers called?
What are the atria?
Which blood cells carry oxygen?
Red blood cells
What fluid travels through lymph vessels?
Lymph.
What is the beat you can feel in an artery called?
The pulse.
As a student runs, an (1) __________ carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. In the lungs, oxygen enters the blood through a tiny air sac called an (2) __________. A (3) __________ carries oxygen through the blood using hemoglobin. The liquid part of the blood, called (4) __________, transports blood cells and other materials.
Near the student’s leg muscles, a tiny (5) __________ allows oxygen to move from the blood to nearby cells. After delivering oxygen, blood travels back toward the heart through a (6) __________. Fluid collected from the spaces around body cells is called (7) __________. As it travels through the body, it passes through a (8) __________, which helps filter it and trap germs.
Answer Key
What two air passages branch from the trachea into the lungs?
What are the bronchi?
When you breathe in, does your diaphragm flatten or curve upward?
It flattens.
What are the heart’s two lower chambers called?
What are the ventricles?
Which blood cells help defend the body against germs?
White blood cells
What small structures filter lymph and help trap germs?
Lymph nodes.
What does blood pressure measure?
The force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls.
Put the air pathway in order: nasal cavity, larynx, alveoli, pharynx, bronchi, trachea.
What is nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → alveoli?
When you breathe in, do your ribs move up and out or down and in?
Up and out.
Which side of the heart sends blood to the lungs, and which side sends it to the body?
What is the right side sends blood to the lungs, and the left side sends blood to the body?
What do platelets help your blood do?
Clot and seal a cut.
Which organ helps some white blood cells mature?
The thymus.
Why does your heart beat faster during exercise?
Working muscles need more oxygen.
A person has trouble moving air from the trachea into one lung. Which structure may be blocked?
What is a bronchus?
What happens to air pressure inside the lungs as you breathe in?
It decreases, so air moves into the lungs.
Which blood vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
The pulmonary arteries.
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries.
Which organ removes worn-out red blood cells?
Spleen
A student’s pulse is 76 beats per minute before running and 121 afterward. How much did it increase?
45 beats per minute.
Explain how the alveoli and nearby capillaries work together during gas exchange.
What is oxygen moving from the air in the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled?
What happens to the diaphragm, ribs, and air when you breathe out?
The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, the ribs move down and in, and air moves out of the lungs.
After blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, which blood vessels carry it back to the heart?
The pulmonary veins.
What is the liquid part of blood that carries cells and other materials?
Plasma.
What helps move lymph through the body since the lymphatic system has no central pump?
Muscle contractions squeeze lymph vessels and help move lymph.
During exercise, what happens to breathing and heart rates to help the body get oxygen and remove carbon dioxide?
Both increase to help bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.