16.1
segregation imposed by law
de jure segregation
This is a form of protest during which participants sit and refuse to move. Usually took place at lunch counters at restaurants.
Sit In's
This was a 1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi made by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Freedom Summer
This is the term that described Kennedy’s proposals to improve the economy, education, healthcare, and civil rights. He also hoped to jump-start the space program.
New Frontier
President Lyndon Johnson's programs aimed at aiding the country's poor through education, job training, proper health care, and nutrition.
War on Poverty
This law, passed in 1957, that established a federal Civil Rights Commission to investigate violations of civil rights
Civil Rights act of 1957
Ella Baker helped form this Non-Violent organization. This groups goal was to create a grass-roots movement that involved all classes of African Americans in the struggle to defeat white racism and to obtain equality.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
This was the group set up to investigate the causes of race riots in American cities (in New Jersey, Michigan, and California) in the 1960s
Kerner Commission
This law required equal wages for “equal work” in industries engaged in commerce or producing goods for commerce. Although it contained various loopholes, the law was a crucial step on the road to fair and equal employment practices.
Equal Pay Act
This was a 1964 law that banned discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin. It was purposed by JFK while he was alive, and LBJ was able to get it passed.
Civil Rights Act of 1964.
He became counsel for the NAACP in 1938 and won 29 of the 32 major civil rights cases he argued over the next 23 years. In 1967, he became the first African American to sit on the Supreme Court and held the post until poor health caused him to retire in 1991.
Thurgood Marshall
He attended an all-black college before becoming the first black student at the University of Mississippi in 1962. After he graduated, he earned a law degree and became involved in Republican Party politics. He was shot in Mississippi while on a protest march in 1966. After he recovered, he continued to be active in the civil rights movement.
James Meredith
He served as a spokesman and minister for the Nation of Islam. His work helped the Nation of Islam, which had only 400 members when he was released from prison in 1952, grow to 40,000 members by 1960. He broke with the group shortly before his assassination in 1965.
Malcom X
This economic plan is when the government practices borrowing money in order to spend more than is received from taxes. It was developed by John Maynard Keynes, and adopted by JFK.
deficit spending
He served nearly 25 years in the U.S. Senate. In 1964, he ran for president and was soundly defeated by Lyndon Johnson. In 1974, he was instrumental in persuading President Nixon to resign in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal.
Barry Goldwater
He served three terms as governor of California before serving as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969. Under his leadership, the Court decided several landmark cases that affected civil rights, criminal procedures, voting rights, and separation of church and state.
Earl Warren
This was a 1961 protest by activists who rode buses through southern states to test their compliance with laws banning segregation on interstate buses
Freedom Ride
This group became the symbol of young militant African Americans. They organized armed patrols of urban neighborhoods to protect people from police abuse. They also created antipoverty programs, such as free breakfasts for poor African American children.
Black Panthers
This was the committee that investigated the assassination of President Kennedy
Warren Commission
This act created the Job Corps to train young men and women between the ages of 16 and 21 in the work skills they needed to acquire better jobs and move out of poverty. It also established Volunteers in Service to America, or VISTA, patterned after Kennedy’s Peace Corps, which sent American volunteers into poverty-stricken American communities in an effort to solve the country’s pressing economic, educational, and medical problems. The most must successful aspect of this act was the Head Start Program. Funds were provided for play groups, day care, and activities designed to help underprivileged children get ready for elementary school.
Economic Opportunity Act
He was the governor of Arkansas from 1954 to 1967. He is best known for ordering the Arkansas National Guard to block nine African American students from entering Little Rock Central High School in 1957, in defiance of a federal court order that mandated the end of racial segregation in schools. His efforts failed when President Eisenhower sent federal troops to usher the students into the school.
Orval Faubus
This law passed in 1964 outlawed discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin
Civil Rights act of 1964
He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. A high school dropout, he ran a restaurant in the city from 1947 to 1964, when he closed it because he refused to serve African Americans. Elected governor (1967–1971), he fought against school desegregation.
Lester Maddox
He served as a Republican member of Congress and of the Senate as well as Vice President under Dwight D. Eisenhower. He ran for President in 1960 and lost to John F. Kennedy but won the office in 1968. His presidency was marked by significant accomplishments in foreign relations. In 1974, he resigned rather than be impeached for covering up illegal activities in the Watergate affair.
Richard Millhouse Nixon
This is what President Lyndon Johnson's called his goals in the areas of health care, education, the environment, discrimination, and poverty. It included Medicare, Medicaid, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, and many other programs.
Great Society