Glycolysis
What is the allosteric enyme
PFK-1
How are starch and glycogen consumed
Pancreatic enzyme alpha-amylase, which cleaved a-1,4 bonds but not 1,6. The remaining uncleaved are called limit dextrin
What are the three enzymes present in gluconeogenesis that are not present in glycolysis
1. pyruvate carboxylase
2. fructose 6-phosphatase
3. glucose 6-phosphatase
What is I-cell disease
A lysosomal storage disorder. Missing Mannose 6-phosphate, that marks the molecule for ASN
Genetic.
Defect: N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phophotransferase.
What bacteria is gram negative, what color?
Strep, pink
What reacts with PFK-2 and what does it make?
Fructose 6-phosphate, and Fructose 2,6 biphosphate
Where is maltose located in the body?
Intestinal cells
Where do the beginning steps take place?
Mitochondria matrix
malignant hyperthermia
occurs in muscles in susceptible individuals, sensitive to certain anesthetics, and no response to calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the calcium channel in an uncontrolled fashion
What is the simplest glycolipid?
Cerebroside
What is the purpose of TPI, and what aspect of this glycolytic enzyme deficiency makes it unique
To convert Dihydroxyacetone to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The enzyme deficiency will cause death
When glucose concentration is low, what is inhibited and by what
Glucokinase is inhibited by the liver0specific glucokinase regulatory protein.
What is the enzyme needed to allow oxaloacetate leave the mitochondrial matrix, through what channel?
It is reduced to Malate through malate dehydrogenase, through the malate channel
What is Beri Beri Disease
A B1 deficiency, a neurological and cardiovascular disease. EAT BROWN RICE
How is a cataract formed, the chemical reaction behind it.
Galactose-> galactitol (accumulates in the lens)
Due to glucosemia
what is substrate-level phosphorylation
Phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group from 1,3-BPG to ADP. The products are ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.
What does Glut3 do?
They are in all mammalian cells and they allow glucose to enter the cell at a constant rate, they promote basal glucose uptake
What step requires the addition of water
Fructose 1,6 phosphate to Fuctose 6-phosphate
How do you treat cystic fibrosis
acetylcysteine
What activates and inhibits hexokinase
glucose-6-phosphate, activated by ATP
What is feedforward stimulation
When the pace of glycolysis increases, fructose 1,6 biphosphate activates the kinase.
What are the majority of bonds in glucose
alpha-1,4, with the occasional 1,6. Cellulose is B-1,4
What is oxaloacetate simultaneously decarboxylated and phosphorylated by
PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate
What becomes essential when you have hurlers disease
T4
What organ controls your BG
Pancreas