"I can cure your disease" - Lady Gaga
What is a disease?
Any condition that negatively affects an organism.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 4)
What are five common symptoms infectious diseases share?
Headache, fatigue, fever, malaise, and nausea.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 18)
You are assessing a patient with tachycardia and they mention they have the flu. What can you suspect the tachycardia is a sign of?
Dehydration: Tachycardia is the number one sign of dehydration (one of the classic signs of the flu).
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 19)
(Notes)
What process allows the body to stop bleeding through vascular spasm, coagulation, and platelet plugging?
Hemostasis
(Ch 20&21 Lecture Slides, Slide 2)
What does the urinary system consist of?
The kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture slides, slide 30)
Which type of disease do Alzheimer's, asthma, CHF, and diabetes fall under?
Physiological (body)
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 6)
In regards to the circulatory system, what is a common way clinicians combat an infection? Why?
Clinicians administer fluids to dilute the vasculature of the infected area.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 12)
(Notes)
What two signs go hand in hand with shock?
Hypoperfusion and hypotension.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 15)
Bone marrow serves what purpose?
Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture Slides, Slide 8)
Why do toxic waste materials build up in the blood in patients with ESRD?
The kidneys have lost most of their ability to function properly.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture slides, slide 43)
What causes infectious disease?
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 8)
What are the conditions for SIRS?
Tachycardia: HR >90
Tachypnea: RR >20
Temperature: >38°C or <36°C
Total Leukocyte Count: >12,000
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 14)
What are two tests a clinician can perform on a patient with suspected meningitis?
Two tests are Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 29)
What disease affects bone marrow that leads to the production of abnormal white blood cells?
Leukemia
(Ch 20&21 Lecture slides, slide 26)
What are the two main functions of the urinary system?
This system regulates electrolytes, water content, and acids in the blood.
It also removes metabolic waste, drug metabolites, and excess fluids.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture slides, slide 31)
What deficiency disease renders glucagon ineffective?
Malnutrition.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 6)
(Drug Cards: Glucagon)
What does nitrous oxide create during an infection?
Nitrous Oxide creates vasodilation and leaky capillaries.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 11)
The CDC just announced a predictable communicable disease has had a sudden and significant increase in a specific region. What type of outbreak is this?
This type of outbreak is an Epidemic.
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 7)
A patient with tachycardia, pallor, and fatigue states they have sickle cell disease. From this information, what do you think the patient is experiencing?
Aplastic crisis: the worsening of the patient's baseline anemia.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture Slides, Slide 11)
What are two main causes of kidney disease?
High blood pressure and uncontrolled diabetes.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture slides, slide 38)
Which disease is known as the "great imitator" due to its signs and symptoms mimicking other diseases?
Syphilis
(Textbook, Chapter 16, p. 1218)
In regards to virulence, what is the difference between Hepatitis B and C?
Hepatitis B is very contagious and can be deadly. Hepatitis C is LESS contagious than B but MORE deadly (10x more).
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 26)
What is the infection process, step by step?
1. SIRS
2. Sepsis - 2 or more SIRS conditions with a suspected infection
3. Septic Shock
4. MODS (2 or more organs fail)
5. Death
(Ch 16 Lecture Slides, Slide 16)
What are the two stages of DIC?
1. free thrombin and fibrin deposits in blood increase. Platelets begin to aggregate.
2. Uncontrolled hemorrhage results from severe reduction in clotting factors.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture Slides, Slide 24)
A patient is suffering from GI distress, nausea/vomiting, bloating, gas, indigestion, and belching. What is a possible reason for these symptoms?
The patient could be suffering from gallstones.
(Ch 20&21 Lecture slides, slide 40)