DNA Structure and Replication
This is the molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms.
DNA
This is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene.
Transcription
This is the cellular structure that reads the mRNA sequence and synthesizes the polypeptide chain.
Ribosome
This is a change in the DNA sequence that can alter the genetic information.
Mutation
This enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.
DNA polymerase
This British scientist's X-ray data was key to discovering the double-helix structure of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
This is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
Promoter
These are the adapter molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome.
tRNAs
This type of mutation results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the polypeptide chain.
Missense Mutation
What is the direction in which the new DNA strand is synthesized during replication.
5' to 3'
What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up the DNA molecule. And what percentages of bases levels match?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
A and T
C and G
In eukaryotes, this small nuclear RNA-protein complex removes introns from the pre-mRNA.
Spliceosome
This is the term for the three-nucleotide sequence on the mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
Codon
This type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated polypeptide.
Nonsense mutation
What is another name for lagging strands?
Okazaki Fragments
This process copies one DNA molecule into two identical copies.
DNA replication
The 5' end of the mRNA is modified with this cap structure at the end of transcription.
5' cap
This is the site on the ribosome where the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA binds.
A Site
This type of mutation involves the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides, shifting the reading frame.
Frameshift mutation
What enzyme uses ATP to attach amino acids to tRNA?
Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
Which enzyme unwinds and separates the DNA strands during replication.
This is the DNA strand that serves as the template for RNA synthesis.
Template strand
What is the difference in translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
In prokaryotes, this process is coupled with transcription, while in eukaryotes it is separated in the nucleus and cytoplasm.