Vocabulary
Humanism
Focused on secular or worldly themes rather than religious themes
Individualism
The belief that an emphasis should be on the dignity and worth of the individual
What country was the center of the renewal known as the Renaissance?
Italy
Who began the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
Signori
Leaders of the Italian City-States
Condottieri
Soldiers hired by Italian City-States.
What helped to spread humanist ideas?
War helped to spread these ideas
John Calvin believed God determined everybody’s fate. What was this called?
Predestination
Doge
An elected Italian leader.
Secular
Worldly, not overtly or specifically religious
In the Italian city-states, what were more important than titles and ownership of land?
Wealth and ability
According to Lutherinism, what is the only source of religious truth?
The Bible
Indulgences
Certificates sold by the Church stating the purchaser was forgiven of all their sins and they were assured a spot in heaven
Theocracy
A government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god
What did Christian Humanists seek?
Christian Humanists sought reforms that would eliminate abuses in Catholicism
What made the Church of England unique?
The Church of England allowed divorce
Predestination
Doctrine of John Calvin that each person’s fate is predetermined by God
Seminary
Theological school
Who led the Catholic church reforms?
Pope Paul III led the reforms
Who founded the Jesuits?
In 1540 the Jesuits were founded by Ignatius of Loyola