17.1
What theory did Charles Darwin develop?
The theory of evolution.
What did Hutton and Lyell conclude about Earth's history?
The Earth is extremely old.
What is fitness?
How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.
What are patterns in the distribution if fossils and living species combines with information from geology but tell us how modern organisms evolved from their ancestors.
Biogeography.
What are the three patterns of biodiversity that Darwin noted?
1. Species vary globally
2. Species vary locally
3. Species vary overtime
What was Lamarck's hypothesis of evolution?
Organisms could change in their lifetime by using or not using certain body parts. Suggested they could pass the traits onto their offspring.
What is adaptation?
Any heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
What do fossils show?
How modern species evolved from extinct ancestors.
What are fossils?
Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
What did Malthus reason regarding population growth?
If the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn't be enough resources for everyone.
Who published on the origin of species?
Charles Darwin.
Describe homologous structures.
Structures adapted to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.
What species of bird did Charles Darwin observe?
Rheas.
What is inherited variation?
Differences could be passed from parents to offspring.
What are the conditions that must happen for natural selection to occur?
More individuals are born than can survive, variation and adaptation, and differential reproductive success.
Vestigial structures.
What is a scientific theory?
A well-established scientific explanation of events in the natural world.
Describe the difference between artificial and natural selection?
In artificial selection humans select variants they find useful and in natural selection nature decides.
What is the principle of common descent?
All species are united by descent from ancient common ancestors and exhibit diversity due to natural selection and adaptation.
What are analogous structures?
Body parts that serve similar functions but do not share structure and development.