Transcription
This strand of DNA is used by RNA polymerase to synthesize mRNA.
What is the template strand?
This modified guanine nucleotide is added to the 5' end of pre-mRNA.
What is the 5' cap?
A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
What is a codon?
This RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide pair.
What is a point mutation?
RNA is synthesized in this direction.
What is 5' → 3'?
A sequence of adenines added to the 3' end of pre-mRNA.
What is the poly-A tail?
The start codon.
What is AUG?
This RNA makes up much of the ribosome.
What is rRNA?
A mutation that changes a codon but not the amino acid.
What is a silent mutation?
This enzyme builds the RNA molecule during transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
These noncoding regions are removed during RNA splicing.
What are introns?
The three stop codons.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?
The anticodon that pairs with AUG.
What is UAC?
A mutation that changes one amino acid to another.
What is a missense mutation?
Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase does not require these two things.
What are helicase and primers?
These regions remain in mature mRNA and are usually translated.
What are exons?
The genetic code is redundant but not ________.
What is ambiguous?
The small ribosomal subunit scans the mRNA until it finds this codon.
What is the start codon (AUG)?
A mutation that converts an amino acid codon into a stop codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
The DNA strand with the same sequence as the mRNA (except T is replaced with U).
What is the coding (non-template) strand?
Name two functions of the 5' cap and poly-A tail.
Protect mRNA from degradation, help export mRNA from nucleus, help ribosome attachment.
The grouping of codons used during translation.
What is the reading frame?
A group of multiple ribosomes translating the same mRNA.
What is a polyribosome (polysome)?
Insertion or deletion mutations that alter all downstream codons.
What are frameshift mutations?