Consultation
Open communication between the barber and the client is accomplished by asking open-ended questions to determine the client's ________.
a. desires and past experiences
b. personal style
c. past experiences and the culture at their workplace
d. style icons
a. desires and past experiences
Chemical hair relaxing ________.
a. increases the fullness of fine, soft hair
b. redirects resistant growth patterns until new growth occurs
c. chemically rearranges the basic structure of overly curly hair into a straighter hair form
d. provides greater styling control
c. chemically rearranges the basic structure of overly curly hair into a straighter hair form
The greater the degree of ________, the longer the wave will remain in the hair.
a. porosity
b. melanin
c. density
d. elasticity
d. elasticity
Resistant hair requires a more ________ solution in a chemical texture service.
a. alkaline
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. delicate
a. alkaline
Permanent ________ chemically restructures natural hair into a different wave pattern.
a. relaxing
b. texturizing
c. coloring
d. waving
d. waving
Permanent waving chemically restructures natural hair into a different wave pattern. Most permanent waving services are performed to change straight or wavy hair into curly hair.
A curl reformation is a process used to restructure very curl hair into ________.
a. braids
b. a larger curl pattern
c. almost straight hair
d. very straight hair
b. a larger curl pattern
A curl reformation, also known as a soft-curl perm, Jheri curl, or simply a curl, is a process used to restructure very curly hair into a larger curl pattern.
The cuticle and cortex are ________ by chemical texture services.
a. ruined
b. unchanged
c. least affected
d. most affected
d. most affected
The cuticle and cortex are the two layers most affected by chemical texture services.
In permanent waving, the ________ of the perm rod determines the size of the curl.
a. size
b. base placement
c. base direction
d. None of the answers are correct
a. size
In permanent waving, the size, shape, and type of curl are determined by the size, shape, and type of perm rod and the method used to wrap the hair.
End wraps are used to prevent ________ in the ends of the hair during wrapping.
a. cowlicks
b. straight sections
c. fishhooks
d. knots
c. fishhooks
End papers should extend beyond the ends of the hair to keep them smooth and straight, and to prevent "fishhooks." A fishhook is a flaw in the wrapping that results in the tip of the hair bending in the opposite direction to that of the rest of the curl.
Which topic during the client consultation can be addressed by having the client look at pictures, magazines, and stylebooks?
a. The current type and condition of the client's hair
b. The desired hairstyle and amount of curl or straightening
c. The client's lifestyle
d. How the hairstyle relates to the client's overall personal image
b. The desired hairstyle and amount of curl or straightening
When the client looks at pictures, magazines, and stylebooks they can determine their likes and dislikes, which makes the desired hairstyle and amount of curl or straightening clear to both the client and barber.
The hair's growth pattern must be considered when choosing the ________ for a chemical relaxing service.
a. length of time
b. rod size
c. type of relaxer
d. direction of combing and smoothing
d. direction of combing and smoothing
The hair's growth pattern must be considered when selecting the wrapping pattern and rod placement for permanent waves or curl reformations and the direction of combing and smoothing when using chemical relaxers.
If the client's hair length is ________ inches or more, the rod may not sit close enough to the scalp during a permanent waving and curl reformation process to develop a good, strong wave pattern in that area.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
c. 6
Alkaline substances used in chemical texture products ________ the chemical bonds.
a. strengthen and combine
b. rearrange
c. break
d. break or rearrange
c. break
Alkaline substances used in chemical texture products break the chemical bonds and allow for the softening and expansion of the hair.
The most important factor in determining the ________ for chemical texturizing services is the hair's porosity.
a. processing time
b. proportions of waving lotion components
c. amount of neutralizer required
d. number of rods needed
a. processing time
The processing time for chemical texturizing services depends more on hair porosity than on any other factor.
The ________ used in the curl reformation procedure is in a cream form.
a. waving lotion
b. neutralizer
c. rearranger
d. None of the answers are correct
c. rearranger
The rearranger, ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), used in the curl reformation procedure is in a cream form.
The alkaline solutions and substances used in chemical texture services soften and swell the cuticle, allowing for penetration into the ________.
a. medulla
b. follicle
c. cortex
d. hair root
c. cortex
________ rods have a larger diameter at both ends.
a. circle
b. straight
c. bender
d. concave
d. concave
Concave rods have a smaller diameter in the center, which gradually increases to a larger diameter at both ends.
A bookend wrap involves ________.
a. folding one paper in half over the ends of the hair
b. placing one paper over the hair
c. placing one paper under the hair
d. extending the paper beyond the ends of the hair
a. folding one paper in half over the ends of the hair
All of the following are reasons to avoid chemical texture services except for ________.
a. open sores
b. scalp disease
c. abrasions
d. resistant hair
d. resistant hair
If a client's scalp has cuts, abrasions or scratches, open sores, and scalp diseases, they should not receive a chemical texture service. Any of these conditions make a chemical process uncomfortable and dangerous to a client.
Hydroxide relaxing products are neutralized by ________.
a. the application of waving lotion
b. the application of neutralizer
c. blowdrying
d. shampooing and rinsing
d. shampooing and rinsing
During a chemical relaxing procedure hydroxide relaxing products are neutralized through the physical actions of the shampooing and rinsing process because the disulfide bonds that have been broken by this type of relaxer cannot be reformed through oxidation.
Wrapping the hair around perm rods is a ________.
a. physical action in chemical relaxing
b. chemical action in chemical relaxing
c. chemical action in permanent waving
d. physical action in permanent waving
d. physical action in permanent waving
Permanent waving is a process that involves two principal actions on the hair: physical action of wrapping the hair on perm rods, and chemical changes caused by the waving solution and neutralizer.
True acid waves have a pH range between ________.
a. 2.0 and 4.5
b. 4.5 and 7.0
c. 6.5 and 8.5
d. 10.0 and 11.0
b. 4.5 and 7.0
Fine hair ________ in a chemical texture service.
a. requires the most alkaline solution
b. may be more resistant to chemical processes
c. processes faster than medium or coarse hair types
d. processes slower than medium or coarse hair types
c. processes faster than medium or coarse hair types
Fine hair will process faster and more easily than medium or coarse hair types.
A curl reduction can be used if a client is dissatisfied with a permanent wave because the hair seems ________.
a. overly porous
b. too dry
c. too straight
d. too curly
d. too curly
Polypeptide chains give strength, ________, and shape to the cortex of the hair.
a. flexibility and length
b. elasticity and color
c. flexibility and elasticity
d. flexibility and color
c. flexibility and elasticity
Circle rods are secured by ________.
a. pinning to the hair
b. fastening the ends together
c. using end papers
d. heat
b. fastening the ends together
Circle, or loop, rods are secured by fastening the ends together to forma circle.
Placing ________ the parting of hair being wrapped is called a double-end wrap.
a. a twist made of two end papers over
b. two end papers under
c. two end papers over
d. one end paper over and one end paper under
d. one end paper over and one end paper under
The double-end, or double flat, wrap uses two end papers, one placed under and one over the parting of hair being wrapped. Both papers should extend beyond the hair ends.
Overprocessed hair ________.
a. is able to form waves
b. changes color
c. is not curly
d. is frizzy
d. is frizzy
Overprocessed hair has a very curly appearance when wet but completely frizzy when dry.
A physical action of chemical relaxing is ________.
a. wrapping the hair around wave rounds
b. combing or smoothing relaxer through the hair
c. wrapping the hair on rods
d. combing or smoothing rearranger through the hair for partial relaxation of the natural curl.
b. combing or smoothing relaxer through the hair
The physical actions of chemical relaxing are coming or smoothing relaxer through the hair, shampooing, rinsing, and conditioning.
Disulfide bonds are rehardened by the action of a ________ in permanent waving.
a. shampoo
b. neutralizer
c. waving lotion
d. reducer
b. neutralizer
During a permanent waving, a neutralizer rehardens the newly-arranged disulfide bonds. The neutralizer also neutralizes any remaining waving lotion in the hair through oxidation.
A pH of ________ neutral on the pH scale, but a pH of 5.0 is neutral for hair.
a. 4.5
b. 5.5
c. 6.0
d. 7.0
d. 7.0
In chemical texture services, the number of blockings or subsections that will be best for the service is determined by the hair's ________.
a. degree of resistance
b. density
c. ability to hold a curl
d. elasticity
b. density
Hair density is important to consider when performing chemical texture services because it helps determine the number of blockings or subsections that will be best for the service performed. For example, in permanent waving, smaller blocks (subsections) and larger rods may be required for thick density hair.
A ________ rearranger is used in the first step of a curl reformation
a. thio-based
b. booster
c. activator
d. neutralizer
a. thio-based
Reduction of cystine leads to the amino acid ________.
a. oxidation
b. hydrogen
c. cysteine
d. cortex
c. cysteine
Cysteine is an amino acid obtained by the reduction of cystine.
________ rods are made of stiff wires covered by soft foam that permits bending into a variety of shapes.
a. circle
b. straight
c. bender
d. concave
c. bender
Bender rods are made of stiff wires covered by soft foam that permits bending into a variety of shapes.
A single flat wrap involves ________.
a. folding one paper in half over the ends of the hair parting being wrapped
b. placing one paper over the top of the hair parting being wrapped
c. placing one paper under the hair parting being wrapped
d. extending the paper beyond the ends of the hair
b. placing one paper over the top of the hair parting being wrapped.
A single flat, or single end, wrap uses one paper placed over the top of the hair parting being wrapped. Because there is paper on only one side of the hair, it may be difficult to control the hair using this method.
A test curl helps to identify ________ and the speed of wave formation in a client's hair during a permanent waving process.
a. resistant areas
b. elasticity
c. overprocessing
d. underprocessing
a. resistant areas
Test curls enable the barber to identify resistant areas and the speed of wave formation in a client's hair during a permanent waving process. Test curls also show the degree of wave formation, the exact time when peak of wave formation is reached, and the appropriateness of product selection.
An oxidizing agent neutralizes ________.
a. acidic relaxers
b. thio relaxers
c. hydroxide relaxers
d. None of the answers are correct
b. thio relaxers
An oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, neutralizes thio relaxers.
Processing with waving lotion/solution is a(n) ________ that occurs during a permanent waving procedure.
a. physical action
b. chemical action
c. final step
d. unnecessary step
b. chemical action
a. greater volume at the scalp area
b. smaller volume at the scalp area
c. the smallest curls
d. the largest curls
a. greater volume at the scalp area
What is the waving solution called that is used in a curl reformation and is similar in composition to alkaline permanent waving solutions or lotions?
a. rearranger
b. booster
c. activator
d. neutralizer
b. booster
After the hair has assumed the desired shape, it must be ________ so that the hydrogen and sulfur cross-bonds in the cortical layer are permanently reformed.
a. neutralized
b. rinsed
c. blow dried
d. left untouched for 10 minutes
a. neutralized
After the hair has assumed the desired shape (curly on a perm rod or smoothed into a straighter form), it must be neutralized so that the hydrogen and sulfur cross-bonds in the cortical layer are permanently reformed.
Which type of rod creates consistently sized waves from one side of the hair parting to the other?
a. circle
b. straight
c. bender
d. concave
b. straight
Straight rods create a consistently sized wave from one side of the hair parting to the other.
Perm wrapping begins with sectioning the hair into ________.
a. subpanels
b. base placements
c. base directions
d. panels
d. panels
Perm wraps begin with sectioning the hair into panels. Each panel is further divided into subsections called base sections.
Before a permanent wave, hair tinted with ________ dye must first be treated with a dye remover.
a. metallic
b. vegetable
c. aniline-derivative
d. temporary
a. metallic
Before a permanent wave, hair tinted with a metallic dye must first be treated with a dye remover to avoid hair discoloration or breakage.
Pre-shampooing is not allowed when using thio and hydroxide relaxers except for when ________.
a. the client has porous hair
b. there is an excessive buildup of dirt or styling products
c. the client's hair has a low pH level
d. the client's hair has a high pH level
b. there is an excessive buildup of dirt or styling products
Thio and hydroxide relaxers do not allow pre-shampooing unless there is an excessive buildup of dirt or styling products. In rare instances when the hair requires cleansing, the shampoo service should be performed gently to avoid scalp irritation and the hair should be thoroughly dried before the relaxer is applied.
Wrapping the hair on rods is ________ in permanent waving.
a. an unnecessary action
b. one of two principal actions
c. one of four principal actions
d. the only step
b. one of two principal actions
Permanent waving is a process that involves two principal actions on the hair: the physical action of wrapping the hair on perm rods, and the chemical changes caused by the waving solution and neutralizer.
When hair is projected about 45 degrees beyond perpendicular (90 degrees) to its base section, it is called ________ placement.
a. angled
b. half-off-base
c. off-base
d. on-base
d. on-base
Which product is used in the third step of a curl reformation process and helps to rebuild the broken disulfide bonds?
a. rearranger
b. booster
c. activator
d. neutralizer
d. neutralizer
The hair's porosity is equalized using ________.
a. pre-wrap lotion
b. special shampoo
c. extra water
d. neutral pH solutions
a. pre-wrap lotion
A pre-wrap solution is a leave-in conditioner that helps equalize the porosity of the hair to ensure even penetration of the waving lotion and to protect the hair from unnecessary damage.
The piggyback wrap uses ________ rod(s) for each parting of hair.
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
b. two
The piggyback perm uses two perm rods for each parting of hair for even curl formation on long and/or dense hair.
When hair is wrapped at 45 degrees below perpendicular to its base section, it is called ________ placement.
a. angled
b. half-off-base
c. off-base
d. on-base
c. off-base
Which is not one of the preliminary strand tests for chemical relaxer applications?
a. porosity test
b. durability test
c. elasticity test
d. relaxer test
b. durability test
The preliminary strand tests for chemical relaxer applications include the porosity test for determining the degree of porosity, elasticity test for determining the degree of elasticity, and the relaxer test for determining the hair's reaction to the chemical and processing time. It does not include the durability test.
________ relaxers require the application of a chemical neutralizing solution.
a. thio
b. hydroxide
c. lye
d. no-mix/no-lye
a. thio
Another name for cold waves is ________ perms.
a. low-pH
b. alkaline
c. acid-balanced
d. ammonia-free
b. alkaline
________ often require the addition of heat.
a. true acid waves
b. cold waves
c. alkaline waves
d. water wraps
a. true acid waves
Most true acid waves require the addition of heat from a hair dryer to accelerate the processing and are considered to be endothermic perm products.
Texturizing is a process used to ________ extremely curly hair into a more manageable texture and wave pattern.
a. curl
b. semi-straighten
c. partially straighten
d. completely straighten
b. semi-straighten
Underprocessed hair has not been sufficiently softened to permit the ________ bonds to break and rearrange.
a. elastic
b. oxygen
c. disulfide
d. hydrogen
c. disulfide
________ is the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped.
a. wrapping pattern
b. base direction
c. wrapping mode
d. none of the answers are correct
b. base direction
No-mix/no-lye relaxers include potassium and ________ hydroxide relaxers.
a. thio
b. lye
c. lithium
d. sodium
c. lithium
Alkaline perms may require a
a. plastic cap
b. pre-shrunken cuticle
c. low pH
d. special type of waving lotion
a. plastic cap
Alkaline perms, or cold waves, may require a plastic cap for processing.
The amount of processing time is determined by the ________.
a. elasticity of the hair
b. natural curl of the hair
c. strength of the permanent waving solution
d. color of the waving solution
c. strength of the permanent waving solution
The functions of a neutralizer are to ________ and deactivate any remaining waving solution that is in the hair after rinsing.
a. soften the cuticle
b. rebuild polypeptide chains
c. rebuild disulfide bonds
d. straighten the hair
c. rebuild disulfide bonds
The function of neutralizer is to rebuild the disulfide bonds that were broken and rearranged by the waving solution and deactivate any waving solution that remains in the hair after rinsing.
In croquingnole perm wrapping, ________ as it nears the scalp.
a. the size of the curl increases
b. the size of the curl decreases
c. the volume of the curl increases
d. the volume of the curl decreases
a. the size of the curl increases
In croquingnole perm wrapping, overlapping the hair layers with each revolution of the rod increases the size of the curl as it nears the scalp area.
Lye relaxers include ________ hydroxide relaxers.
a. sodium
b. lithium
c. calcium
d. guanidine
a. sodium
Ammonium thioglycolate is the main ________ agent in alkaline perms
a. neutralizing
b. wrapping
c. oxidizing
d. reducing
The main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline perms is ammonium thioglycolate (ATG). This chemical compound is made up of ammonia and thioglycolic acid.
Before ________ is/are applied to the hair, the permanent wave solution must be thoroughly rinsed out and blotted.
a. rods
b. neutralizer
c. pre-lotion
d. water
b. neutralizer
Before neutralizer is applied to the hair, the permanent wave solution must be thoroughly rinsed from the hair and blotted until no excess water is absorbed into the towel. Any excess water left in the hair prevents even saturation of the neutralizer and dilutes its properties.
Special fillers that contain ________ are available for reconditioning the hair and helping equalize its porosity.
a. keratin
b. oil
c. protein
d. pH-balanced
c. protein
Special fillers that contain protein are available for reconditioning the hair and helping equalize its porosity.
The water wrap is ________.
a. used for specialized perms only
b. not considered to be effective
c. rarely used any more
d. used for most perms
d. used for most perms
________ relaxers contain a base cream.
a. base
b. off-base
c. no-base
d. no-lye
c. no-base
No-base relaxers contain a base cream that is designed to melt at body temperature and do not require the application of a separate protective base.
________ waves contain both ATG and GMTG.
a. alkaline
b. thermal
c. acid-balanced
d. true acid
c. acid-balanced
The permanent waving solution for acid-balanced waves usually contains ATG and the activator GMTG.
A chemical blowout service ________ the hair with the intent that it will be picked out and cut.
a. curls
b. texturizes
c. partially straightens
d. completely straightens
c. partially straightens
A(n) ________ wrap is the application of permanent wave solution to one working panel or section of hair just before wrapping the hair on rods to pre-soften resistant hair.
a. on-base
b. pre-perm
c. lotion
d. water
c. lotion
________ relaxers require the application of a base cream to the entire scalp prior to relaxer application.
a. base
b. off-base
c. no-base
d. no-lye
a. base
The ________ in exothermic waves contains an oxidizing agent that causes a rapid release of heat when mixed with the waving solution.
a. neutralizer
b. activator
c. waving lotion
d. reducer
b. activator
When ________ is used in a chemical blowout, it should not be kept on the hair for more than 40 percent of the recommended processing time.
a. lye
b. sodium hydroxide
c. a no-base solution
d. a thio relaxer
b. a no-base solution
When sodium hydroxide is used in a chemical blowout, it should not be kept on the hair for longer than 40 percent of the recommended processing time.
In a basic perm wrap, ________.
a. there are two rods for each parting
b. base sections are offset from each other
c. the hair is wrapped straight
d. all the rods within a panel are positioned in the same direction
d. all the rods within a panel are positioned in the same direction
When using permanent waving solutions on tinted hair, ________ are recommended.
a. normal products
b. mild products
c. extra processing time
d. temporary waves
b. mild products
Since the objective of a chemical blowout is to remove some but not all of the curl, a thio relaxer may be used for ________ recommended application time.
a. almost its entire
b. half of its
c. one-third of its
d. three-quarters of its
a. almost its entire
In a bricklay perm wrap, ________.
a. there are two rods for each parting
b. base sections are offset from each other
c. the hair is wrapped straight
d. all the rods are positioned in the same direction
b. base sections are offset from each other
In a bricklay perm wrap, the base sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits in the hair.