overview
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA > RNA > proteins
What is being transcribed?
DNA (template strand)
What monomer is mRNA translated into?
amino acids (monomer of proteins)
What location(s) does prokaryotic transcription occur?
cytoplasm
This process only occurs in what type of cells?
eukaryotes
What process makes RNA from DNA?
Transcription
What is DNA being transcribed into? (be specific)
mRNA
Translation occur on what molecule/structure?
Ribosomes
Do prokaryotes or eukaryotes require the TATA box and transcription factors?
eukaryotes
What modification is added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA transcript?
methyl/guanine cap
What process makes proteins from RNA?
Translation
What is the main enzyme used during Transcription?
RNA polymerase
Why does mRNA leave the nucleus to be translated?
fully formed ribsomes are not inside the nucleus
What type of cells can polyribosome occur in?
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What makes up the poly-A tail?
adenine nucleotides
Proteins are the (pick one: phenotype or genotype) of DNA?
Phenotype.
During elongation, what direction is mRNA built?
5' --> 3'
What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
T or F: In prokaryotic cells, intron removal is responsible for the diversity of protein products.
FALSE. Why?
What happens to UTRs during splicing?
They stay.
Describe the changes in location during DNA > RNA > Proteins.
Nucleus to Cytoplasm (ribosome [free or bound])
What molecules bind to the TATA box and promoter during initiation?
transcription factors
How is each amino acid matched with the correct sequence of DNA?
anticodon to codon recognition
Why can coupling only occur in prokaryotes?
the ribosomes are are able to access the mRNA transcript while it is still being transcribed because there is no nuclear envelope AND eukaryotic mRNA must go through processing
Why is alternative splicing useful?
It allows for a diversity of protein products from a single sequence of DNA.