Tool Mark Vocabulary
What is a tool mark?
Any mark left when a tool touches or damages an object.
Which type of tool mark can show the direction a tool moved?
Abrasion marks.
What kind of analysis was used in the past that relied on examiner opinions?
Subjective analysis.
What is the first thing investigators do before collecting tool mark evidence?
Photograph it.
Where are tool marks analyzed after being collected?
In a Lab.
What type of mark is made when a tool presses into a softer surface like wood or wax?
Indentation mark.
Indentation marks are most often found in what kinds of materials?
Softer materials like wood, wax, or clay.
What type of analysis is used today that relies on facts and measurements?
Objective analysis.
Why is a ruler included when photographing tool marks?
To show accurate size and scale.
Why are tools never placed directly into the tool marks found at a crime scene?
It could damage or ruin the evidence.
What mark is created when two surfaces slide against each other?
Abrasion mark.
Cutting marks are most useful for identifying what?
The type of blade or sharp tool used.
What modern technology is used to scan tool marks digitally?
Digital photomicrography.
BONUS QUESTION
How many days are in the month of February?
28
What is compared instead of fitting tools directly into marks?
Test impressions and crime scene impressions.
What type of tool mark is left when a sharp object cuts material?
Cutting mark.
Which type of tool mark is commonly found on doors or window frames during break-ins?
Indentation marks.
Why is modern tool mark analysis considered more reliable?
It uses measurements, facts, and unique characteristics instead of opinions.
Why is direct lighting preferred when photographing tool marks?
It shows clearer details and avoids shadows.
How do serial numbers help investigators?
They help identify where a tool came from and link tools to crimes.
Which type of analysis relies on opinions instead of facts?
Subjective analysis.
True or False: Tools of the same type always leave identical tool marks.
False.
What kinds of features help examiners tell tools apart?
Nicks, scratches, and wear patterns.
Why is evidence always packaged separately?
To prevent damage or contamination.
How can tool marks help in court?
They can link a suspect or multiple crimes to the same tool.