Continental Effect
What resource brought Spain the most wealth in the 1500s?
Gold & Silver
A business organization where individuals buy shares of ownership, helping fund overseas ventures for shared profits.
Joint-Stock Company
Which group held the highest status in colonial Latin America
Peninsulares
What was a major effect of Spanish conquest on Native Americans?
Spread of diseases that caused large population decline
Landed in the Caribbean, believed it was Asia
Christopher Columbus
What was one main reason Spain wanted to explore and colonize the Americas?
To gain wealth and spread Christianity
Colonies economic police to increase national wealth and power for mother country
Mercantilism
Offspring of Europeans and Native Americans were called?
Mestizos
Which crop was a major source of wealth in the Caribbean?
Sugarcane
Which conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortez
The global transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas following Columbus’s voyages.
The Columbian Exchange
Which system gave Spanish settlers the right to tax and use Native Americans for slave labor?
The Encomienda System
People of mixed European and African ancestry in colonial Latin America.
Mulattoes
Which European two nations eventually challenged Spanish and Portuguese control of trade?
France and Britain
Which conquistador led the defeat of the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro
The voyage that carried enslaved Africans to the Americas
The Middle Passage
A period of European economic expansion marked by new trade routes, banking systems, and the rise of capitalism.
Commercial Revolution
Which group was second to the top of colonial Latin America’s social structure?
Creoles
Which missionary group established more than 30 missions in Paraguay?
Jesuits
Priest who argued against slavery and mistreatment of Native Americans
Bartolomé de Las Casas
What was the result of Spanish landowners’ farming practices?
Deforestation and destruction of land
The difference between a nation’s imports and exports; favorable when exports exceed imports is called?
Balance of Trade
Why did mestizos eventually rise in status?
Their growing numbers made them more important in society - became the majority
Which two viceroyalties were the first established by Spain?
New Spain & Peru (or Viceroyalty of Lima)
A Mexican nun and writer who supported women’s education (Last names is accepted)
Juana Inés de la Cruz