Coverings and Layers
Pericardium
Ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart
Heart valves
Volume of blood in each ventricle at end of ventricular diastole before they begin contracting
End diastolic volume
Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
Cardiac output
Functions to protect the heart, anchor heart to surrounding structures and prevent heart overfilling with blood
Fibrous pericardium
_____ ______ of blood are pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits
Equal volumes
Volume of blood remaining in each ventricle at end of ventricular systole
End systolic volume
Stroke volume
Lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium
Parietal layer
Functional blood supply to heart muscle itself
Coronary circulation
Closing of what makes the S1 sound
AV valves
Difference between resting and maximal CO
Cardiac reserve
On external surface of heart
Aerobic
Closing of what makes the S2 sounds
SL valves
An increase in EDV would increase what?
SV
Heart wall layers from outside to inside
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Make up bulk of heart and are responsible for pumping action
Contractile cells
When a valve fails to close completely
Incompetent valve
Increased contractility _______ ESV
Lowers