New Spain Society
Where were desirable areas to establish colonies?
Coast, rivers, lakes, farmland, and mines
Who found Brazil on his way to India?
Pedro Cabral
Fill in the blank:
— plantations in Brazil and Caribbean
— and — fields in British North America
Sugar
cotton and tobacco fields
Who favored the East Indies colonies and who favored the West Indies colonies?
Dutch
British and French
What was the Spanish Rule split into (2 parts) and what rule did each have?
Spain- King & Bureaucrats
New Spain- Viceroy on Viceroyalties
Who were the conquistadors replaced with referring to positions of government. Hint: (mostly brought over from Spain)
Professional bureaucrats
What events occurred after the Gold Rush?
Diamonds stimulated economy and opened interior for settlement.
there was a need for slaves who mined for gold.
What were African-born slaves called and what were American born descendants of African slaves called?
Saltwater slaves
Creole slaves
What few profitable resources were there? (NAME 4)
Fur
timber
cotton
tobacco
What was the reality of the Natives, under the encomenderos?
Natives were abused, not paid, died in huge numbers, and encomenderos gained huge amounts of natives and tracts of land.
What were the 3 groups that emerged in the colonized lands?
Europeans, Indians, and African
What capital of the Brazilian colony emerged as an important port and why?
Rio De Janiero because it was the closest to the gold mines.
What is syncretism?
Blend of cosmologies and ritual traditions into Catholicism
What European social structure did they copy?
Nuclear family
What was the Encomienda system restructured as, due to — complaints of the mistreatment of the Indians?
2 answers
Repartamiento
Father Bartolomé de las Casas
What was the social hierarchy that developed with the 8 classes?
You’ll get an extra 100 points if you name 3 of them.
Sociedad de Castas
Exp: Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
What were some of the economic reforms that Marquis of Pombal instituted for Portugal?
Wanted to break flow of Portuguese gold to England and redirect it within Portuguese economy, eliminate tax evasion, and introduce new crops, and most importantly stop slavery in Portugal and ensure a steady stream of them to Brazil only.
What is Voodoo and Santeria examples of?
Christianity and traditional West African religions fused.
Who will integrate with Amerindians and have offspring known as Métis?
The French
What was a major crop in Brazil?
Sugar
Who were the 3 groups who carried out missionary work in the New World and what were their purpose?
Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits
They established churches and their mission was to spread Catholic Faith.
What is a Pro and Con that resulted from Marquis of Pombal’s policies?
Pro: reduces Portugal’s trade imbalance with england.
con: Brazil still suffers because worldwide demands for its products is low as a result of new competition.
What society represented rebellious slaves trying to escape their owners?
Maroon society
What were the difference in exports the New England, middle, and southern colonies had?
New England-short growing season and focus on fishing and whaling.
middle colonies- “breadbasket” cash crops of grain.
southern colonies- year round growing season with cash crops of tobacco and rice.
What country in South America had the largest silver mine and where was some of the silver bullion brought to?
Peru
Spanish galleons carried silver bullion to Spain. However, most was kept in the New World.