Immune 1
These defense systems include physical barriers like skin and chemical barriers like sebum.
Prevention or Barriers
The most abundant phagocytic cells that release cytokines and vasodilators
Neutrophils
The local tissue response that occurs through a cut or injury to the skin and involves vasodilation and containment
Inflammation
The specific immune response that is T cell-mediated and involves the lysis of cells by cytotoxic T cells
Cell-mediated immunity
The class of antibody that is most common in the blood and is the major class produced in secondary responses
IgG
The oily, acidic substance released from sebaceous glands that functions as a chemical barrier.
Sebum
Found throughout connective tissues (not in blood), these cells release histamine and other chemicals involved in inflammation.
Mast Cells
The chemical released by mast cells that causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow and causing redness.
Histamine
After activation, B lymphocytes transform into these effector cells to secrete antibodies
Plasma Cells
This class of antibody is involved in allergies, as it binds to mast cells and basophils causing them to release histamine
IgE
These are the two primary parts of the immune system: nonspecific (innate) and specific (adaptive).
Organization of the Immune System
Once monocytes enter tissue, they become these phagocytic cells that can both engulf substances and activate T cells.
Macrophages
The process where phagocytic cells stick to the endothelial lining of the blood vessel after cytokines signal the expression of selectin
Margination
The class of T cells that releases perforin and granzymes to induce lysis or apoptosis in an infected cell.
Cytotoxic T cells
This is a mechanism of antigen disposal where antibodies block the activity of the pathogen
Neutralization
Proteins secreted by leukocytes and virus-infected cells that induce virus resistance in neighboring cells
Interferons
This type of lymphocyte is important in fighting viral infections and kills virus-infected cells by releasing perforins.
Natural Killer Cells
The process where phagocytic cells move from the blood vessel to the infected area in the interstitial fluid.
Diapedesis
These molecules on the surface of body cells (Class I) or immune cells (Class II) mark the cell as "self"
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules
The process where pathogens bound by antibodies are more efficiently engulfed by phagocytes.
Opsonization
The general name for immune cell receptors that distinguish self from pathogens by identifying PAMPs
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors
B cells, T cells, and Natural Killer cells are the three major types of this cell
Lymphocytes
The substance released by mast cells and basophils that initially prevents clot formation, allowing immune cells to access the infected area
Heparin
This immune response, which takes 10–17 days to occur after a first exposure, is when symptoms of illness are typically present
Primary response
The complex of complement proteins that embeds itself in the microbe membrane, forming pores and causing the microbe to lyse
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)