What Are Communicable Diseases?
diseases caused by pathogens that spread through contact among living organisms and objects; also called infectious diseases
What are communicable diseases?
pathogens that invade cells and direct them to create more viruses
What are viruses?
white blood cell that specializes in engulfing and destroying pathogens, especially bacteria
What is a phagocyte?
viral disease usually caused by the rhinovirus; spreads through droplets in the air and primarily affects the nose and throat
What is the common cold?
infection of the intestines (gastroenteritis) caused by the norovirus; characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps
What is the stomach flu?
inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord; can cause brain and nerve damage disability, and death if untreated
What is meningitis?
practice of using soap and water to clean the hands
What is hand washing?
scientific theory that specific pathogens cause specific diseases
What is germ theory?
multicellular organisms that produce spores; are mostly beneficial, but can cause disease
What are fungi?
immune response characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain
What is inflammation?
disease caused by the influenza virus; causes by the influenza virus; causes respiratory symptoms and body aches; also called the flu
What is influenza?
fungal infection of the skin between the toes or in the groin; causes an itchy, burning rash
What is athlete's foot?
inflammation of the liver; caused by hepatitis A, B, or C virus
behaviors that prevent the spread of disease through droplets
What is respiratory etiquette?
disease-causing microorganisms
microorganisms that live on or inside other organisms or hosts
What are parasites?
body temperature over 98 degrees; body temperature rises as apart of the immune reponse
What is a fever?
infection in which tiny air sacs in the lungs swell, making breathing difficult
What is pneumonia?
Give 3 examples of a vaccine.
What is MMR, DTP, chicken pox, polio, hepatitis B?
disease that occurs in unexpectedly large numbers over a particular area
What is an epidemic?
process of introducing a dead pathogen or nontoxic part of a pathogen into the body to provoke an immune response that prevents a certain disease; also called immunization
What is vaccination?
single-celled microorganisms with no nucleus; are mostly beneficial, but can cause disease
What is bacteria?
method of disease transmission in which infectious material and pathogens travel from their origin to an individual
What is direct transmission?
chemicals that attach to pathogens and label them as foreign bodies to be destroyed
What are antibodies?
contagious respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus; named a pandemic in January 2020
What is COVID-19?
dangerous disease caused by a strain of the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium that is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin; can infect the skin, bone, lungs, and bloodstream
What is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
disease that spreads to much of the world
What is a pandemic?
substance containing a dead pathogen or nontoxic part of a pathogen; introduced into the body to provoke an immune response
What is a vaccine?
medications that target and kill disease-causing bacteria
What are antibiotics?
method of disease transmission in which infectious material and pathogens pass to a person from a source that acts solely as a carrier
What is indirect transmission?
evidence of disease that can be outwardly observed or measured; includes fever, abnormal pulse, changes in skin color, or altered breathing rate
What are signs?
disease caused by the Streptococcus bacterium; characterized by a painful sore throat and swollen, tender tonsils
What is strep throat?
disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); causes fever, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and a swollen spleen; also called the kissing disease
What is mononucleosis?
disease that naturally occurs at low levels in a particular area
What is an endemic?
reduces the severity and risk of transmission of viral infections such as genital herpes, hepatitis, and severe influenza
What are antiviral medicaitons?
True or false?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and phagocytes are examples of pathogens.
What is false?
True or false?
Most bacteria are not harmful to the body.
What is true?
evidence sensed by the person with the disease; includes pain, shortness of breath, itching, and headache
What are symptoms?
True or false?
During the clinical stage, a pathogen produces toxins and the immune response reaches its height, causing familiar signs of illness.
What is true?
communicable diseases that are new or increasing unexpectedly
What are emerging infectious diseases?
bacteria that do not respond to treatment with certain antibiotics
What are antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
True or false?
In the convalescent stage, signs and symptoms of an illness gradually worsen.
What is false?
Which of the following is true about viruses?
- Viruses do not grow or reproduce independently.
- Viruses have no metabolism.
- Viruses do not use energy in the way that other cells do.
- All of the above.
What is all of the above?
This type of infection usually affects damaged tissues or people weakened by other infections; it is called mycosis.
What is a fungal infection?
Which of the following is an example of a parasite?
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Penicillium notatum
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
What is ascaris lumbricoides?
Parasitic worms ___________ organisms with specialized tissues and organs.
What is multicellular?
Give two examples of direct transmission.
What is direct contact and droplet spread?
Give 3 examples of indirect transmission.
What is vector transmission, indirect contact, and airborne transmission?
Name 3 behaviors that can help promote resistance of infection by supporting your immune system.
What are eating a balanced diet, getting 8-10 hours of sleep, and developing strategies for managing stress?