First
During the Middle Ages, power in Europe shifted from nobles to
kings and popes
All of the following were duties and powers of popes during the Middle Ages except
forging treaties with religious leaders from other regions.
Medieval Christians feared excommunication because they believed that
those cast out from the church would not get into heaven.
How did Holy Roman Emperors come to power?
They were elected by the empire's nobles.
A split in the Christian Church started in the 1000s because
bishops in eastern Europe refused to recognize the authority of the pope.
The Eastern Orthodox Church was founded by those who agreed with
the bishop of Constantinople.
As popes tried to increase their power, they came into conflict with
kings.
According to the compromise of 1122, which list is in order from most to least poweful?
popes, kings, bishops, priests
Why were the Crusades fought?
to gain control of Palestine, the Holy Land.
During the Crusades, Christians fought against
Muslims.
The Byzantine emperor asked the pope for help because
Muslim Turks threatened Constantinople.
What was the outcome of the Crusades?
The Holy Land remained under Muslim control.
One reason Christain Crusaders lost the Holy Land was that
they traveled ling distances to the battle.
After the Crusades, the Byzantines distrusted western Christians because
the Crusaders sacked Constantinople.
What was the most important result of the Crusades?
Trade and exchange of ideas between Europe and Asia increased.
In medieval society, markets, festivals, and religious ceremonies took place at a
local church.
What is a pilgrim?
a person who journeys to a religious location.
Where do friars live?
villages.
How were lives of friars different from the lives of monks?
Friars lived with the general public; monks lived in monasteries.
Who played the biggest role in creating the first universities in Europe?
church leaders.
How were classes at Europe's first universities similar to classes today?
Students had to take tests.
Saint Thomas Aquinas argued that
rational thought could support Christian beliefs.
Why did nobles make King John sign Magna Carta in 1215?
They wanted to limit the king's power.
What does the right to habeas corpus mean?
One cannot be jailed without reason.
What started the Hundred Years' War?
The king of England invaded France.