European Explorers
What was the primary motivation for early European explorers, like Christopher Columbus and Giovanni Caboto?
Answer: To find a quicker and more efficient trade route to Asia.
According to early accounts, how did the Mi'kmaq people in North America perceive trade with the arriving Europeans?
Answer: They saw it as a means of fostering positive relationships.
Who is known as the "Father of New France"? He was responsible for establishing Quebec City as a colony.
Answer: Samuel de Champlain
What was the primary economic activity in the Thirteen Colonies?
Answer: Agriculture/Plantations
What disease, resulting from a lack of Vitamin C, afflicted many European explorers?
Answer: Scurvy
What event led to the Europeans wanting to secure a new route to trade with Asia?
Answer: The disruption of trade between Asia and Europe in the 1300s.
What did King Francis I of France hope to achieve by sending Jacques Cartier to North America?
Answer: He wanted to find a passage to Asia through North America.
What did Cartier place on Haudenosaunee lands, claiming it for France?
Answer: He erected a cross/
What did Britain hope to gain economically from establishing colonies in America?
Answer: They hoped to make a lot of money from the colonies.
How did the introduction of guns affect the lifestyle of the Kichesiprini?
Answer: It made hunting easier and may have led to overhunting.
Which European country was the first to utilize technological advancements like the astrolabe and compass in their expeditions?
Answer: Portugal
How did Cartier's actions, such as kidnapping Donnacona and claiming land for France, impact the relationship between the French and the Haudenosaunee?
Answer: Cartier's actions damaged the relationship and made the Haudenosaunee hostile toward him.
What was the main goal of the French in establishing colonies in North America?
Answer: To collect furs and other natural resources
What was the main goal of the British in establishing colonies in North America?
Answer: To establish large settlements to gain military and economic advantages.
What were the habitants responsible for in the seigneurial system?
Answer: Farming
What did Giovanni Caboto primarily seek to find on his voyage to North America in 1497?
Answer: New lands and fish for England
What significant benefit did the First Nations people offer to the European explorers to ensure their survival in the new environment?
Answer: They shared their knowledge of the land, survival techniques, and valuable resources. For example, the Haudenosaunee taught Cartier and his men how to make tea from white cedar to cure scurvy.
What system did France implement to shape its colonies and make them wealthier and more powerful?
Answer: Mercantilism
How did the British view the First Nations as they expanded their settlements in North America?
Answer: They saw them as obstacles to their economic advancement and expansion.
What significant negative impact did European colonization have on the First Nations peoples?
Answer: Introduction of new diseases, disruption of traditional ways of life, increased conflicts over land and resources, and attempts at forced religious conversion.
Giovanni Caboto, an Italian explorer sailing for England, is considered by some to be an explorer while others see him as an invader. Provide evidence that supports both of these perspectives.
Answer: Caboto was an explorer because he traveled in search of new information. Caboto was an invader because he landed in Newfoundland and claimed the land for England, even though the First Nations people already lived there.
What are the differences in the impact of European exploration on the Mi’kmaq and the Beothuk.
Answer: Europeans and the Mi’kmaq developed a positive relationship around trade. The Mi’kmaq were able to get rid of old furs, which the Europeans preferred, they saw trade as a way of building good relations, and found European goods useful. Conversely, the Beothuk did not establish a friendly relationship with the Europeans, who set up camps on their lands, interfered with traditional Beothuk fishing areas, discouraged the French from trading with the Beothuk, and caused the Beothuk to become extinct from European diseases and loss of their food supply.
Describe the role of each member of the Sovereign Council in New France: the Governor, the Intendant, and the Bishop of Quebec.
Answer: The Governor controlled the military and dealt with external relations. The Intendant was the chief administrator of the colony. The Bishop of Quebec represented the Catholic Church.
Compare and contrast the population growth of New France and the Thirteen Colonies. What factors contributed to these differences?
Answer: The Thirteen Colonies had a much larger population. The goal of the Thirteen Colonies was to gain military and economic strength, colonists traded with other places besides Britain, and people of many different faiths were welcomed. The goal of New France was to collect natural resources, mercantilism was used, and climate was harsh.
Explain the concept of Mercantilism and how it shaped the economic relationship between European countries and their colonies.
Answer: Mercantilism was an economic system that made a country rich from its colonies. Colonies provided raw materials to the mother country, which then produced manufactured goods and sold them back to the colonies. This system benefited the mother country at the expense of the colonies.