Definitions
Organisms Growing & Reproducing
Passing Traits Along
Scientists & Inheritance
Adaptations
100
Define chromosomes
Structures in the nucleus of a cell that control the cell's activities
100
How do cells divide?
They make copies of their chromosomes and other cell parts, then the cell splits in two.
100
Name one inherited trait.
Curling your tongue, dark or light hair, eye color, straight or curly hair, etc.
100
Who studied inheritance in garden pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
100
Name three reasons animals need to adapt to their environment.
1. Attract a mate 2. Avoid being eaten 3. To find food
200
Define pollination
Movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil
200
Name the first and second steps of cell division.
1. Chromosomes are copied 2. Chromosomes line up
200
What is a gene?
The section of a chromosome that controls a trait.
200
Who experimented with fruit flies to learn about chromosomes?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
200
What were the three adaptations the book described for the woodpecker.
1. Strong beak & long sticky tongue help it get insects. 2. Sharp claws to cling to the bark of a tree. 3. Strong tail to support it.
300
Define inherited
Passed to offspring from parents
300
Name the third and fourth steps of cell division.
3. Chromosomes separate 4. Cells divide
300
What is a recessive gene?
A gene whose expression is hidden by a dominant gene.
300
Who produced pictures of DNA to show that the molecules are twisted?
Rosalind Franklin
300
Explain what a structural adaptation is.
A structural adaptation is an adaptation of an organism's body parts or coloring.
400
Define hybrid
Individual that has a dominant and a recessive gene for a trait
400
How does an ameba make a whole new individual, remember it is a one celled organism.
It splits in two and separates.
400
What is a dominant gene?
A gene that can prevent the expression of another gene.
400
Who received a Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discoveries about the structure of DNA? (Two names)
James Watson & Francis Crick
400
Explain what a behavioral adaptation is.
A behavioral adaptation is an behavior that is inherited that helps an organism survive.
500
Define mimicry
An adaptation in which one species resembles another
500
How does a flowering plant reproduce?
Through pollination, pollen from a stamen to a pistil.
500
What is a mutation?
A permanent change in the structure of a gene or chromosome.
500
In your own words, explain selective breeding.
Selective breeding means that plants or animals are chosen specifically depending on their traits so that offspring are produced with those traits.
500
Give one example of a structural and one example of a behavioral adaptation. Be specific and explain the adaptations or you will not get the points.
An example of a structural adaptation would be mimicry, in which one organism looks like another that is dangerous to scare off predators. An example of a behavioral adaptation would be "playing possum", in which an opossum falls down and plays dead so that the other animal has no interest in it anymore.
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