Key Terms
a passage through the Arctic, largely unusable.
What is the Northwest Passage?
Who was the first French explorer to travel to North America and claim land for France?
Jacques Cartier
Why did British colonies like Newfoundland become valuable?
They offered access to rich fishing grounds
Who was the first explorer to claim land for the British Empire?
John Cabot
a union in which groups agree to trade and help each other resolve disputes.
What is an alliance?
Jacques Cartier is best known for:
the first French explorer sent by King Francois I to explore North America.
The Beothuk were:
An Indigenous group in Newfoundland affected by British colonization
Who was known for helping to establish the first French settlements in New France and building strong alliances with Indigenous groups?
Samuel de Champlain
a territory of land that is controlled by another country.
What is a colony?
Why did France send settlers to North America?
For economic gain, competition, religion, and curiosity
What challenges did the British face when they attempted to establish a permanent colony in Newfoundland?
The British faced harsh weather, difficult living conditions, competition with France, and limited resources, which made it challenging to sustain a colony in Newfoundland.
Who was a British explorer known for mapping the west coast of North America and interacting with Indigenous communities there?
James Cook
when only one company or group is allowed to sell or trade a product in a certain area.
What is a monopoly?
The Coureurs de bois were:
Independent fur traders who worked closely with First Nations
John Cabot’s exploration of Newfoundland was important because:
It revealed valuable fishing grounds
Which British explorer’s journeys included exploring Canada’s prairies with the goal of extending British trade networks?
Henry Kelsey
a social system based on nobles who rented land to farmers.
What is the seigneurial system?
The Sovereign Council in New France included all of the following roles except:
A) Governor
B) Intendant
C) Bishop
D) Fur trader
D) Fur trader
The British established colonies like ____(7)____ and ____(8)____ in Atlantic Canada.
Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
Which explorers are credited with helping expand the French fur trade into Hudson Bay, later inspiring the establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company?
Pierre Radisson and Sieur des Groseilliers