Basic Definitions
Anything that occupies space and has mass
What is MATTER?
Which elements make up 98% of all living matter?
*pneumonic device accepted. Double points if you name all 6.
What is SPONCH or CHNOPS?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
The maximum number of electrons an orbital can contain
What is TWO?
An atom or molecule that has an electrical charge due to the loss or gain of an electron(s)
What is an ION?
Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances via chemical reactions
What is a CHEMICAL ELEMENT?
Smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element
What is an ATOM?
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (number is an average)
What is the MASS NUMBER?
How many orbitals does the first shell hold?
What is ONE?
Forms when an atom gains or loses electrons from outermost shell
What is an IONIC BOND?
A substance that is made up of two or more elements in a fixed ratio (can be broken down into simpler substances via chemical reactions)
What is a CHEMICAL COMPOUND?
Charge: neutral
Mass: 1 dalton
What is a NEUTRON?
How would you calculate the number of electrons orbiting a neutrally charged atom?
Same as ATOMIC NUMBER
- the # of protons and electrons are the same
The average distance from the nucleus of an electron in an orbital
What is ENERGY LEVEL?
Forms when atoms share electrons in outermost shells
-neutral charge
What is a COVALENT BOND?
Two atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses
What is an ISOTOPE?
Charge: -1
Mass: 1/1836 dalton
What is an ELECTRON?
Looking at the periodic table, how many electrons are in the valence shell of Carbon?
4 ELECTRONS
How many orbitals are within the 2nd shell and beyond?
4 ORBITALS containing 8 electrons
Electrons are shared unequally in this type of bond
-weak
-does well in water
What is a POLAR COVALENT BOND?
Capacity for change (motion)
Ability to do work
What is ENERGY?
Charge: +1
Mass: 1 dalton
What is a PROTON?
Looking at the periodic table, how many UNPAIRED electrons are in the element Nitrogen?
3 UNPAIRED ELECTRONS
What must an atom do in order to be considered STABLE?
Or the opposite, CHEMICALLY REACTIVE?
What is FILL THE OUTERMOST SHELL?
What are UNPAIRED ELECTRONS in the VALENCE SHELL?
Electrons are shared equally in this type of bond
-Does not do well in water
What is a NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND?