Carbohydrates
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
A C-O-C link between two sugar molecules, formed by a condensation reaction; it is a covalent bond ______.
What is glycosidic bond?
A chemical reaction involving the joining together of two molecules by removal of a water molecule
What is condensation?
A test for the presence of amine groups and thus for the presence of protein; biuret reagent is added to the unknown substance, and a change from pale blue to purple indicates the presence of protein ______
What is the biuret test?
A chemical bond, represented as —COO—, formed when an acid reacts with an alcohol
What is an ester bond?
A genetic disease caused by a faulty gene coding for hemoglobin, in which hemoglobin tends to precipitate when oxygen concentration are low _________
What is sickle cell anaemia?
A polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules linked together, that acts as a glucose stored in liver and muscle cells
What is glycogen?
Large molecule such as a polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid
What is a macromolecule?
A loose, sheet-like structure formed by hydrogen bonding between parallel polypeptide chains ; example of secondary structure in a protein ___________
What is a beta-pleated sheet?
A type of lipid formed when three fatty acid molecules combine with glycerol, an alcohol with three hydroxyl (--OH) group __________
What are triglycerides?
A protein whose molecules are folded into a relatively spherical shape, often has physiological roles and is often water-soluble and metabolically active, e.g. insulin, hemoglobin and enzymes ___________-
What is a globular protein?
A polysaccharide made from beta-glucose subunits; used as a strengthening material in plant cell walls __________
What is cellulose?
A chemical reaction in which a chemical bond is broken by the addition of a water molecule; commonly used to break down complex molecules into simpler molecules ______________
What is hydrolysis?
The main structural protein of animals; known as ‘white fibers,’ the fundamental unit of the fiber consists of three helical polypeptide chains wound around each other, forming a “triple helix’ with high tensile strength ________________
What is collagen?
Double bonds between neighboring carbon atoms of the tail of some fatty acids? __________
What are saturated fatty acids?
The covalent bond joining neighboring amino acids together in proteins; it is a C–N link between two amino acid molecules, formed by a condensation reaction _______________
What is a peptide bond?
A giant molecule made from many similar repeating subunits joined together in a chain; the subunits are much smaller and simpler molecules known as monomers; examples are polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. _____________
What is a polymer?
A protein whose molecules have arelatively long, thin structure that is generally insoluble and metabolically inactive, and whose function is structural, e.g. keratin and collagen. ______________
What is fibrous protein?
The three-dimensional arrangement of two or more polypeptides, or of a polypeptide and a non-protein component such as haem , in a protein molecule _____________
What is quaternary structure?
Differ between plant and animal in reference to saturated and unsaturated
Plants lipids are unsaturated
Animal lipids are saturated
Amylopectin and glycogen both branch at 1, 6 link. Which has more branching than the other?
What is glycogen?
A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharide joined together by a glycosidic bond
What is a disaccharide?
A molecule consisting of a single sugar unit and with the general formula (CH2O)6
What is monosaccharide?
A helical structure formed by a polypeptide chain, held in place by hydrogen bonds ______________
What is an alpha helix?
Formed by the replacement of one of the fatty acid groups in triglyceride by an ionized phosphate group _____________
What is a phospholipid?
The red pigment found in red blood cells, whose molecules contain four iron atoms within a globular protein made up of four polypeptides; it combines reversibly with oxygen
What is haemoglobin?