Mitosis
Cell cycle
Apoptosis and regulating cell cycle
Stem cells
Trivia
100
What are the 4 parts in mitosis of the cell cycle? In order
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
100
What phase of the cell cycle is the period of growth and development?
Interphase
100
What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
Apoptosis - planned cell death
Necrosis - unplanned cell death
100
What potency is a stem cell found in a blastocyst?
Plutipotent
100
What do 3 and 8 have in common
They are both numbers
200
Forms during telophase in a plant cell. Not found in animal cells
Cell plate
200
How many major phases are there in interphase
3 (G1, S and G2)
200
During apoptosis:
1. Cell detects a death signal and shrinks
2. Cell begins to bleb into apoptotic fragments
3. ?
Apoptotic bodies are engulfed by phagocytes (e.g. macrophases)
200
What potency is a zygote?
Totipotent
200
What word in the dictionary is always spelt incorrectly?
incorrectly
300
What helps move chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell during anaphase?
Spindle fibers
300
What happens in the S phase of interphase?
DNA replication
300
Name an environmental, physical, and biological mutagen
environmental: smoke, drugs, alcohol, drinking during pregnancy
Physical: radiation, UV
Biological: virus, bacteria
300
What is the difference between embryonic stem cells compared to adult stem cells?
Embryonic stem cell - Can specialise into any cell
Adult stem cell - Can change only into a few types
300
What is the heaviest organ in the human body?
Liver
400
What phase of mitosis is this cell in?
Prophase
400
Why might a cell go into the G0 phase?
- Specialise in their function (e.g. brain cells)
- Stop them from continuing cell cycle (e.g. cancerous cells)
400
Proto-onco genes promote cell growth and division. What happens if they are overactive?
Promote uncontrolled cell growth --> can cause cancer
400
Stem cells found in the bone marrow will transform into what group of cells?
Blood cells (red, white, platelets etc)
400
How many corgis did queen elizabeth II have in her lifetime
at least 30
500
Phase during which nuclear membrane reforms and the chromosomes decondense
Telophase
500
What happens to a cell if they fail the checkpoint at G1 compared to if they fail the checkpoint at G2?
Fail at G1 - can be sent to G0 (cell arrest)
Fail at G2 - Apoptosis
500
What is the role of the p53 gene?
Activated when DNA damage is detected and can help repair DNA
Can also initiate apoptosis
500
Name a disease which we can use stem cells to treat
Leukemia, parkinsons, heart disease etc
500
How many bones do sharks have in their body?
0! They are made out of cartilage