Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus.
Which organelle is called the "powerhouse" of the cell because it produces energy?
mitochondrion
What do you call the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
osmosis
Where does photosynthesis take place?
in the chloroplasts of plant and algal cells
Where in the cell does cellular respiration take place?
mitochondria
What type of cell can be unicellular or multicellular?
Eukaryotic cell
Which structure contains important information for making proteins and regulates cellular processes?
DNA
What type of transport across the cell membrane requires energy?
active transport
The main goal of photosynthesis is to produce what molecule?
glucose
In order for energy to be usable in a cell, the energy must be taken from glucose and stored in ______.
ATP
Which type of cell do evolutionists think came first?
prokaryotic cells
What kind of cell contains a capsule and flagellum?
bacteria
What do you call it when there is a difference in the number of a certain type of molecule on each side of a membrane?
concentration gradient
What do you call the pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs energy from the sun for photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
What process allows a cell to get ATP without oxygen?
fermentation
Name two cell parts that are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
cell membrane
ribosomes
DNA
cytosol
cytoplasm
Name two structures that a plant cell has that an animal cell does not?
cell wall
chloroplasts
central vacuole
Because a cell membrane allows some substances to pass through and others to be blocked it is described as _______________ _______________.
selectively permeable
Which type of cells undergo both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
plant (and algal) cells
When yeast converts glucose to ATP, what other two molecules are also produced?
ethanol and carbon dioxide
What are the 3 main ideas of the cell theory?
1. All living things are made of 1 or more cells.
2. All cells come from preexisting cells.
3. Cells perform the functions of living things.
What structure makes and transports fat molecules for the cell membrane?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Name (or describe) 2 types of active transport.
Protein pump - protein on cell membrane pumps a molecule through it against concentration gradient
Engulfing/endocytosis - molecule is so big that the cell membrane forms a pocket around it and completely surrounds it
Name the starting molecules and ending molecules in photosynthesis.
starting: carbon dioxide, water
ending: glucose, oxygen
Name the starting molecules and ending molecules in cellular respiration.
starting: glucose, oxygen
ending: carbon dioxide, water, ATP