Cell Basics
According to cell theory, all living things are made of what?
One or more cells.
A microscopic cell has DNA, ribosomes and a cell membrane but no nucleus. Classify it.
It is a prokaryotic cell.
A cell cannot assemble proteins. Which cell structures are most likely malfunctioning?
Ribosomes.
Molecules are more crowded outside a cell than inside it. In which direction will they diffuse?
Into the cell, from high concentration to low concentration.
Complete the process: carbon dioxide + water + light energy → ______ + ______.
Glucose and oxygen.
Arrange these from smallest to largest: organism, organ, tissue and cell.
Cell → tissue → organ → organism.
An organism is unicellular, but its cell contains a nucleus. Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic. Some eukaryotes are unicellular.
What structural feature makes rough ER different from smooth ER, and what does rough ER help produce?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and helps produce proteins.
Oxygen crosses the membrane directly, glucose uses a protein and whole proteins cannot cross. What property of the membrane does this demonstrate?
The membrane is selectively permeable.
What molecule acts as the cell’s “energy currency”?
ATP.
What is a group of similar cells working together called?
A tissue.
Name four structures or materials found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes.
Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell structures and destroy foreign substances?
Lysosomes.
Water moves through a membrane without the cell using ATP. Name the process and classify the type of transport.
Osmosis; it is passive transport.
Glycolysis occurs before the oxygen-using stages of cellular respiration. Where does glycolysis happen, and why is it called anaerobic?
It occurs in the cytoplasm and is anaerobic because it does not require oxygen.
A damaged area of skin produces new skin cells as it heals. Which part of cell theory explains this?
All cells come from preexisting cells.
Are all unicellular organisms prokaryotic? Explain.
No. All prokaryotes are unicellular, but some eukaryotes are also unicellular.
A cell loses its cytoskeleton. Predict two problems the cell would experience.
It would have difficulty maintaining its shape and moving vesicles or organelles through the cell.
Glucose begins moving into a cell by diffusion. What happens to the glucose concentrations inside and outside the cell?
The concentration inside increases while the concentration outside decreases.
Compare aerobic cellular respiration with fermentation.
Aerobic cellular respiration uses oxygen and produces a large amount of ATP. Fermentation occurs without oxygen and produces much less ATP.
Give all three main ideas of cell theory.
A cell contains a nucleus, mitochondria, rough ER and a Golgi apparatus, but it does not have a cell wall. What type of cell is it most likely to be?
A eukaryotic animal cell.
A cell must make, modify and deliver a protein. Put these structures in the correct order: Golgi apparatus, ribosome, vesicle and rough ER.
Ribosome → rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle.
A cell already contains more potassium ions than its surroundings, but it continues pumping potassium inside. Explain why diffusion cannot accomplish this.
Diffusion only produces net movement from high to low concentration. Moving potassium from lower concentration outside to higher concentration inside goes against the concentration gradient and requires active transport and energy.
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected. Include what each process uses and produces.
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water and light energy to make glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce ATP, releasing carbon dioxide and water.