Atoms & Elements
something that cannot be broken down into two or more substances
where two atoms share 1-2 electrons
covalent
water's ability to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules
cohesion
the two molecules that water dissociates into
hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-)
this forms the backbone of all organic/biological molecules and is insoluble in water
hydrocarbon
smallest representative of the element, contains protons, neutron, and electrons
atom
covalent bond in which the two atoms differ somewhat in electronegativity
polar covalent bond
water's ability to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules
adhesion
a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen
acid
these convey properties unique to particular molecules
functional groups
class of particle that is made up of quarks which exist is groupings of three
hadrons
covalent bond in which the two atoms are similar in electronegativity
non-polar covalent bond
the average vibration of a body's molecules (think body of water)
temperature
a substance that decreases the concentration of hydrogen and is reversable
weak base
this functional group has an OH bond and ends in "ol"
hydroxyl
atoms of the same element that vary in numbers of neutrons
isotopes
bond in which the two atoms differ dramatically in electronegativity
ionic bond
water is less of this when it is a solid, causing ice to float
density
the concentration of hydrogen molecules in a pH of 6
1x10-6M
This functional group has a double bonded O
carbonyl
The outermost electron shell, holding up to 8 electrons
valence shell
bond caused by an attraction between partially charged regions on different polar molecules
hydrogen bond
a lot of this is needed to break hydrogen bonds in large bodies of water
solar energy
the concentration of hydroxide in a pH of 4
1x10-10M
this type of carbonyl has the double bonded O on the terminal carbon and ends in "al"
aldihyde