Column 1
What word means the reason someone chooses to do something?
What is motivation?
Martin Frobisher led a massive fleet into the Arctic in this year to build a mining colony that quickly failed due to "fool's gold."
What is 1578?
Which English monarch granted John Cabot his royal charter in 1496, giving him the authority to sail under the English flag and claim lands for the crown?
Who is King Henry VII?
Which French explorer followed Cartier's path into the New World, explored the St. Lawrence River, and established a settlement in Québec?
Who is Samuel de Champlain?
While at Gaspé, Cartier misunderstood the Iroquoian word "kanata"—which meant "village"—and mistakenly used it to name the entire surrounding region. What modern country got its name from this mix-up?
What is Canada?
Because English investors backed out, Hudson switched flags for his third voyage in 1609, exploring the New York region under the employment of this wealthy trading corporation.
What is the Dutch East India Company?
This French explorer made three voyages to North America, claimed the shores of the St. Lawrence River for France, and gave Canada its name.
Who is Jacques Cartier?
What is the idea of claiming and controlling new land and territories for one's homeland?
What is imperialism?
While Cabot failed to find a route to Asia, he discovered waters so thick with this valuable resource off the coast of Newfoundland that sailors claimed they could scoop them up in baskets.
What is Atlantic cod?
During his 1609 voyage, Hudson sailed aboard this famous ship, which he used to navigate up the New York river that now bears his name.
What is the Half Moon (Halve Maen)?
Working for this Montreal-based fur-trading rival to the Hudson's Bay Company, Alexander Mackenzie pushed deeper into the Canadian wilderness to find new trade routes.
What is the North West Company?
After enduring a brutal winter trapped in the ice of James Bay, Hudson's desperate and starving crew overthrew him in 1611, an act known by this legal term.
What is a mutiny?
Frobisher sailed into an Arctic inlet that he believed was a strait to Asia, but it turned out to be a dead-end bay. What is this body of water now called?
What is Frobisher Bay?
To secure a steady supply of furs, Champlain formed a military and economic alliance with the Huron (Wendat) and Algonquins, agreeing to help them fight against this powerful enemy confederacy.
To secure a steady supply of furs, Champlain formed a military and economic alliance with the Huron and Algonquins, agreeing to help them fight against this powerful enemy confederacy.
This Italian-born navigator, sailing under the English flag, claimed parts of North America (likely Newfoundland) for England in 1497.
Who is John Cabot?
Which two primary navigational tools—alongside specialized ships—enabled long-distance European ocean exploration?
What is a compass
Europeans wanted to find money, valuable resources, and new trade opportunities. What motivation does this describe?
What is economic opportunity (or money)
During his second voyage in 1535, Cartier sailed up this massive river highway, which he named after a Roman martyr whose feast day coincided with his journey.
What is the St. Lawrence River?
What is a granting of powers or authority to an explorer by a king?
What is a commission?
To keep morale high during the long, depressing winters at Port-Royal, Champlain founded this social club where members took turns preparing feasts and entertaining each other.
What is the Order of Good Cheer
In 1608, Champlain sailed further up the St. Lawrence River and chose a spot where the river narrows to found this historic settlement, which became the heart of French Canada.
What is Québec City
Jacques Cartier made his very first voyage to North America, planting a cross at Gaspé Peninsula, in this year.
What is 1534?
explored the Great Lakes region and the entire length of the Mississippi River, claiming the whole basin for France and naming it Louisiana.
Who is Robert de La Salle?
On his final voyage, Cartier filled his ships with what he believed were barrels of gold and diamonds. When French scientists examined the cargo, it turned out to be quartz and iron pyrite, inspiring what famous mocking French proverb?
What is "as false as a diamond from Canada"?
After finding what he thought was gold, Frobisher launched the largest Arctic expedition of its time in 1578 to establish a mining colony. What worthless mineral did he actually bring home?
What is iron pyrite (or "fool's gold")?