Vocabulary
Chemical Reactions Take Place Inside Cells
Cells Capture and Release Energy
Materials Move Across the Cell's Membrane
Labs
100
The sugar molecule that is the major energy source for most cells
What is glucose?
100
Explain what a chemical reaction is.
What is when bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed to make different substances?
100
The light absorbing pigment that traps the energy in sunlight in green plants
What is chlorophyll
100
What is the cell membrane made of and why is this important to the cell?
What is a double layer of lipids- water loving head and a water hating tail. Both sides of the membrane the water repellent ends facing out to protect the cell.
100
How did the food color change as it was added to water in the beaker and why did this occur? How did the temperature of the water affect the diffusion of the food coloring?
What is the food coloring diffused through the water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration because the molecules in the water are constantly in motion? The higher the temperature the faster the rate of diffusion because the molecules are moving faster and the lower the temperature the slower the rate of diffusion because the molecules are moving slower.
200
Fats, oils and waxes that cannot mix with water but make up important cells structures including the cell membrane
What are lipids?
200
List the 4 macro-molecules that work together inside a cell. Explain what a macro-molecule is.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids? What is a large molecule?
200
The definition of the word photsynthesis. The organelle it takes place in.
What is the process by which plant cells use to convert sunlight into chemical energy? chloroplast
200
Define diffusion and give an example of diffusion.
What is the process by which molecules spread out or move from an area where there are many of them to an area where there are fewer of them? Oxygen moving into a cell. The smell of air freshner as it moves throughout a room.
200
Explain in detail the "tea party" P.O.E Be sure to explain what the tea bag represented, how osmosis was demonstrated and how diffusion occured.
What is: The tea bag represented a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis occured when the water from outside the tea bag filled the bag and enlarged it. Diffusion occured when the tea flavorings, not the leaves, left the bag from an area of high concentration and went into the water to an area of lower concentration.
300
The subunits of these molecules are amino acids. Name 2 foods that provide the body with these nutrients
What are proteins? Eggs, Fish, Meat, Nuts, Beans
300
List and give the chemical symbol for the 6 elements that make up 99% of the mass of the human body.
What are : Oxygen- O Carbon- C Hydrogen- H Nitrogen- N Calcium- Ca Phosphorus- P
300
Describe fermentation and the ways that it is different from cellular respiration.
What is a process by which cells release energy without using oxygen? It takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell; not the mitochondria AND it does not produce as much energy. The process uses CO2 instead of O2
300
Define passive transport. Give 2 examples of passive transport.
What is when materials move through a cell membrane without using a cell's energy? Examples include osmosis and diffusion.
400
Define what a nucleic acid is and give 2 examples.
What is - hold the instructions for maintenance, growth and reproduction of the cells? DNA and RNA
400
This is necessary for all chemical reactions to take place inside each cell of the body. Give the chemical formular for this substance. What does it mean to describe this solvent as being "polar"?
What is water? H2O- 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. They have slightly charged ends- one being positive and the other being negatively charged.
400
Explain the process of cellular respiration and what cells use this process.
What is : The starting materials are glucose and oxygen which enter the cell. Inside the mitochondria chemical bonds are broken using oxygen. Energy is released and water and carbon dioxide are produced. All cells respirate in order to maintain life!
400
Compare and contrast passive and active transport. Give examples of each process. Describe the process as it relates to the concentration of materials and how they move.
What is: Both are ways to move materials into and out of a cell. Passive does not require energy; Active does. Passive moves materials from high to low concentrations; Active moves materials from low to high concentrations. Examples: Passive- movement of water, oxygen and carbon dioxide Active- movement of large molecules such as salt and starches
400
The process that was observed in the "Over Easy" demonstration was____________________. 3 examples of it were: The egg is a cell- name 3 parts that you were able to observe.
What is osmosis? The vinegar broke down the shell and some water got into the egg, causing it to enlarge. The corn syrup caused the egg to shrink because the water left the egg, where it was more highly concentrated and went into the beaker. When placed in water, the shrunken egg, expanded because the concentration of water was greater outside the egg than inside, causing the water to move into the egg ( cell) The yolk- nucleus The white- cytoplasm The membrane- covering underneath the shell that surrounded the egg
500
Exaplain the difference between an aerobic process and an anaerobic process. Give an example of each.
What is an aerobic process requires oxygen and an anaerobic processs does not require oxygen. Aerobic Example: Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Example: Fermentation
500
The chemical formulas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
What is: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H1206 + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
500
Describe the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Be specific.
What is that the products of photosynthesis( glucose and oxygen? become the starting materials for cellular respiration and the products of cellular respiration ( water and carbon dioxide) are needed to begin the process of photosynthesis?
500
Draw and explain the processes of exocytosis and endocytosis. What do they have in common? How are they different?
What is both forms of active transport which requires energy? Exocytosis- uses the cell membrane to wrap around the material needed to be removed from the cell and expel it. Endocytosis- uses the cell membrane to envelope the material coming into the cell and bring it in.
500
Explain in detail the evidence that was observed from completing the red onion cell lab. Include the parts of the cell that were observed and the specific changes that resulted from adding both the salt water and fresh water to the slide.
What is observations that the cell's cytoplasm
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