Not My Fault
The fracture zone between stationary and moving rocks
Fault
Lava in water that solidifies almost instantly, forming rounded structures
Pillow lava
The middle of the earth's three layers
Mantle
Define "volcano"
An opening in the earth's surface through which gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth's interior
An instrument used to record the vibrations caused by an earthquake
Seismograph
What major type of fault occurs when rocks on one side of the fault are shoved over the rocks on the other side?
Thrust fault
Superheated cloud of gas and small particles that travels as an avalanche
Pyroclastic flow
Solid center of the earth
Core
Define "fault"
The fracture zone between stationary and moving rocks
What is most likely to cause a volcanic eruption to be more violent
A Large amount of dissolved gas
A short cliff along a fault that has been polished smooth
Slickenside
Large, irregularly shaped lump made of lava that hardened before being thrown out of a volcano
Volcanic block
Area between the upper mantle and the lower mantle
Transition zone
Define "igneous intrusion"
The general name for a mass of underground volcanic rock
What scale is used to measure the strength of a volcanic eruption?
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
The idea that rocks on either side of a fault spring to a position of little or no stress after an earthquake
Elastic rebound
Hardened lava with a surface that is either smooth or ropy
Pahoehoe
Deposits of sand and mineral fragments that cover most of the earth's surface
Sediments
Define "magma chamber"
The actual underground source of a volcanic eruption
Shallow-focus earthquakes make up what percent all earthquakes?
85%
What type of fold occurs when rocks buckle up to form an arch-like structure
Anticline
Solid ejecta larger than 2mm but less than 64mm in diameter
Lapilli
Bottom of the mantle
Core-mantle boundary (Gutenberg discontinuity)
Define "lava tunnel"
An underground channel that is formed when surface lava hardened before the lava underneath it
The scale is considered the most reliable method for measuring the energy released by an earthquake
Moment magnitude