Critical Thinking
An active and systematic cognitive strategy to examine, evaluate, and understand events, to solve problems, and to make decisions on the basis of sound reasoning and valid evidence
What is Critical Thinking?
The mistaken logic that because Event B follows Event A, than B must have been caused by A.
What is Post-hoc error?
Mental shortcuts or rule-of-thumb strategies for problem-solving.
What is Heuristics?
Occurs when the use of our availability heuristic results in systematic errors in making such judgments.
What is Availability bias?
"All that glitters is not gold."
Who is William Shakespeare?
Cognitive tools that provide specific strategies for inquiry and problem solving
What is Metathoughts?
Correlation: A ___________ about the relationship or association between two (or more) variables
What is a statement?
Dichotomous variable: Any variable that can be placed into either of two discrete and _____________ categories
What is Mutually exclusive?
The propensity to resolve discrepancies between preexisting schemas and new information in the direction of assimilation rather than accommodation.
What is Assimilation bias?
"_______ is a matter of degree." - Aldous Huxley
What is Sanity?
Metathinking: Engaging in a critical analysis and evaluation of the ________
What is the thinking process?
Provides a framework for understanding new events and future experiences.
What is Schema?
Process of drawing on instances that are easily accessible, or available, from our memory.
What is Availability heuristic?
Systematic mistakes that derive from limits that are inherent in our capacity to process information
What is Cognitive biases?
"There's a sucker born every minute." - ________
Who is P.T. Barnum?
Is a remedy to prevent or counteract an adverse effect.
What is Antidote?
_________ effect: Refers to people's willingness to accept the validity of such overly inclusive and generic appraisals.
What is Barnum?
Can theoretically take on an infinite number of values and is expressed in terms of quantity, magnitude, or degree.
What is Continuous variables?
Motivational biases: _____________ that derive from our efforts to satisfy to satisfy our own personal needs, such as the desire for self-esteem, power, or control.
What is Systematic mistakes?
"A monkey, in his mother's eye is a gazelle." - ______ Saying
What is Arabic?
Langauge: Has an ____________ and is bidirectional (reciprocal)
What is an evaluative bias?
Parataxic reasoning: A kind of "______________," that assumes events that occur close together in time are construed as causally linked.
What is magical thinking?
Representativeness heuristic: Involves judging the __________ that something belongs to (i.e. represents) a particular category.
What is likelihood?
Representativeness bias: Occurs when the representative heuristic produces ______________ in thinking or information processing.
What is systematic errors?
"Complex problems have simple, easy-to-understand _______ answers" - Arthur Bloch
What is wrong?