Carbohydrates
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the monomer for lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What kind of sugars are in nucleic acids?
Pentose sugars
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Quick, accessible energy for cells
What is the most important steroid?
Cholesterol
What are the bonds made between amino acids?
Which nitrogenous bases are purines?
Adenine(A) and guanine(G)
What are the two main shapes of secondary protein structure?
Alpha helix coils and beta pleated sheets.
What two monosaccharides make up sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
What is the most important eicosanoid?
Prostaglandins
How do enzymes help with biochemical reactions in the body?
They lower the activation energy of reactions, and therefore increase the speed of chemical reactions.
What is the difference between DNA nitrogenous bases and RNA nitrogenous bases?
DNA has thymine as a nitrogenous base, and in RNA thymine is replaced with uracil.
What is the definition of quaternary protein structure?
What are two examples of polysaccharides?
Starch and glycogen
What differentiates the head and the tail of phospholipids?
The head is hydrophilic(polar) and the tail is hydrophobic (nonpolar).
What is the difference between a nonpolar amino acid and a polar amino acid?
Nonpolar amino acids have R groups that contain hydrogen and hydrocarbons, while polar amino acids contain R groups that contain elements other than hydrogens or hydrocarbons.
Which bases pair together based on the complimentary base pairing rule?
Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.
Which monomer is broken down to create ATP?
Glucose
What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
Dehydration synthesis the reaction that makes polymers from monomers by removing water molecules, and hydrolysis is the reaction that breaks apart polymers into monomers by adding water.
Name the classes/categories of lipids.
Triglycerides, steroids, eicosanoids, phospholipids.
What is the difference between secondary and tertiary structure?
How does ATPs structure allow ATP to produce energy?
The terminal(third) phosphate group on ATP breaks off, and energy is released when that bond is broken.
What is the structure of ATP?
ATP is made up of an adenine-containing RNA nucleotide with two additional phosphate groups.