Intro to political culture
Why was the Pledge of Allegiance important in the 1988 presidential contest between George Bush and Michael Dukakis?
A). It made Bush seem like he cared for religious liberties
B). It highlighted Dukakis as a “dangerous” liberal
C). It allowed Dukakis to standout as a protector of the children
B). It highlighted Dukakis as a “dangerous” liberal
*Because George Bush pointed out that Michael Dukakis vetoed a legislative law requiring teachers to lead their students in the pledge of allegiance, it lead people to believe that Bush was more patriotic, and that Dukakis was more concerned about civil liberties
What is Leslie A. White’s definition of a symbol?
A). A thing the value or meaning of which is bestowed upon by those who use it
B). Round metal disks on drum kits to make banging or crashing sounds with
C). A thing that when placed into certain situations, is the most precious item one could own
A). A thing the value or meaning of which is bestowed upon by those who use it
*this definition was used because in 1999, a “desecration” amendment was 3 votes shy of passing in the senate. This was proposed because of protesters burning the U.S. flag to gain attention for their cause
What’s the definition of cultural lag?
A). When the culture of people "lags" behind rapid technological advancement
B). The feeling of being behind on modern culture and stuck in your own ways
C). When a minority agrees on modernized culture but the majority denies it
A). When the culture of people "lags" behind rapid technological advancement
*William Fielding Ogburn’s definition of culture lag in 1922, followed by examples such as our technology outrunning the past culture, such as the 2nd amendment not accounting for modern military equipment
What words did Thomas Jefferson write to justify the American revolution?
A). All men are created equal and have unalienable rights, among them are life liberty and property
B).governments are instituted among men, deriving their power from the consent of the governed
C). Whenever a government becomes destructive, it is the right of the people to abolish it and to institute new government
All three are correct
*The full quotes are “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, among them are life liberty and property” and “governments are instituted among men, deriving power from the governed, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it and institute a new government”
What does the political dictum, “the rules are never neutral”, mean?
A). Rules are 50/50 and have no agenda behind them
B). Rules only inhibit the people who play the game
C). Rules are never equal and always favor a side
C). Rules are never equal and always favor a side
*whether its a football team that has bigger players and can easily outplay the smaller team if the smaller player commits no fouls, or women who can’t play football but can join the military and become soldiers for our wars, our rules favor the side that takes advantage of the clear cut words on a piece of paper
What are the three types of socialization shown in the chapter?
A). Governed Socialization, Ungoverned Socialization, Perfect Socialization
B). Socialization, Political Socialization, Latent Socialization
C). Primitive Socialization, Civilized Socialization, Intellectual Socialization
B). Socialization, Political Socialization, Latent Socialization
*Socialization is how we get people to conform, cooperate and live together peacefully in society, Political Socialization is the process, meditated through various agencies of society by which an individual learns politically relevant attitude and behavioral patterns, and Latent Socialization are hidden, and otherwise unrecognized ways people learn cultural norms, values, and behaviors
What is the rule of unintended consequences?
A). Actions always produce unexpected outcomes that weren’t part of the original plan
B). Anyone who creates an action should expect an equal and opposite reaction
C). Intention requires an unintended purpose to be considered a welcome intentionA). Actions always produce unexpected outcomes that weren’t part of the original plan
*this was brought up before explaining the book Brave New World where author Aldous Huxley predicted that technology will completely control our lifestyles and values
Do animals like chimps, which are the closest to humans in DNA, have culture?
A). Yes because animals that are the same but are in different areas behave differently
B). No because animals do not have the brain power to fully create culture through symbolism
C). We can’t tell because we aren’t in the animals brains to fully understand what they’re thinking
All of the above
*this question is a continued debate between anthropologists, simply because our definition of culture doesn’t tell us if its the power to think or to create meaning behind things.
Examples of cultural lag in our society?
A). Road Rage
B). Firearms
C). TV shows showing murder
IT WAS ALL OF THEM!!
*Road Rage is a show of how our anger can be influenced into violence by our exceeding technology
*Firearm laws and codes were mostly made back when we had single fire, reload with a small pole and gunpowder, type weapons
*TV shows show us on about 20,000 murders in our lifetime and can desensitize us to what would scar and maim a persons mind hundreds of years ago
In 1837, South Carolina Senator John C Calhoun said, “there never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which a portion of the community did not live off the labor of others.” What did he mean by this
A). He was strictly talking about how slavery has been used in history
B). He was arguing against the idea that anyone have the right to be free or equal
C). He is pleading for our country to be the first where, in law, all people should be free and governed equally
B). He was arguing against the idea that anyone have the right to be free or equal
*Calhouns argument was that, for a civilized society to work, there needs to be inequalities. This debate allowed philosophers to create something known as Social Darwinism, this being the natural selection of the wealthy to stay wealthy and the poor to stay poor
How could rules of amendments, elections, or other political systems be manipulated to show rules aren’t neutral?
A). Playing by the rules and only thinking about the virtuous way and not how to take advantage of the rules and policies
B). Taking advantage of rules exactly as they are said to allow yourself an advantage, Ex. Gerrymandering
C). Not allowing anyone to go against you because of illegal acts, such as bribery, etc…
B). Taking advantage of rules exactly as they are said to allow yourself an advantage, Ex. Gerrymandering
*because of gerrymandering elections dont come down to public appeal and more to how many followers can you they pay, or appeal to, to skew the vote and take out competition this is one of many examples.
Gresham’s law is that “bad money will drive out good.” How can this be attributed to the increase in violent nature of the younger population?
A). Violence and perversion drives out intelligence
B). Bad money implies good money and thus younger people are aggressive to achieve their good money
C). Young people are people driven out by people with bad money and are then more angry at the world
A). Violence and perversion drives out intelligence
*just like how bad money can drive out good, bad hobbies as children, aggressive hobbies like action figures fighting can be attributed to the anger in younger people today. The catharsis arguement argues against this, stating that because they get out their aggression in other ways then violence, it allows for better emotional outlets. Psychologists still warn that such activities encourage/cause aggressive behavior
What is Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World?
A) A book about children learning how to live in a world without adults
B). A movie about people being teleported to a new planet with video game like life
C). A book about how advanced technology has manipulated and changed our morals and lifestyles
C). A book about how advanced technology has manipulated and changed our morals and lifestyles
*in the book, birth control as a whole is perfected to the ultimate. From one fertile egg, the government can create 96 identical twins, then raises them with the values that parents are not needed. Without family processed emotions, Brave New World delves into how we would act guilt free and promiscuously.
How is culture defined by Edward Burnett Tyler?
A). A persons moral compass on what to do in any given situation
B). your religion and upbringing, nurtured by your guardians
C). Complex whole of knowledge, belief, morals, customs, and other habits acquired by being a member of society
C). Complex whole of knowledge, belief, morals, customs, and other habits acquired by being a member of society
*Edward Burnett Tyler’s definition of culture, brought up by talk of symbolic messages like the middle finger, peace sign, and ace of spades, and how, without our culture in civilized life, we wouldn’t know or understand the meaning behind them
Being on the internet can be more addictive then
A). Drugs
B). Gambling
C). Video games
B). Gambling
*according to the university of Pittsburg, researcher Kimberley Young, your addicted to the internet if you spend more then 38.5 hours in chat rooms, keep in mind, this book was published in 2001, showing another cultural lag cause that could be someone’s daily phone usage.
Why would Thomas Sorwell, after hearing about a sexual assault case about his coworker, believe that Americans have gone overboard with their replacement of customs with laws?
A). People dont care for customs in the modern age
B). People are not inhibited by laws that affect the future when they are in the present
C). Americans believe that more laws with stop all crime and viscous acts
B). People are not inhibited by laws that affect the future when they are in the present
*Sorwell was arguing that simply because a law has been placed doesn’t mean the illegal acts with stop without customs to stop the offender before they consider the crime
What are the five dictums of changing, enforcing, ignoring, or resisting any rule or law?
A). 1. Oppose with force, 2. When breaking law make sure to not leave evidence, 3. Housing laws are absolute, 4. Do not allow yourself to be a governor over your family, 5. Do not allow any amount of uncertainty
B). 1. Rules are Never Neutral, 2. Whoever makes the rules controls the game, 3. Rules are designed to control disruptive behavior, 4 Try to learn the origins of the rules, 5. Rules differ from culture to culture
B). 1. Rules are Never Neutral, 2. Whoever makes the rules controls the game, 3. Rules are made to control disruptive behavior, 4 Learn the origins of the rules, 5. Rules differ from culture to culture
Rules are never neutral= rules always favor one side
Whoever makes the rules controls the game= making the rules puts you at the top
Rules are made to control disruptive behavior= acting out against a rule will not give immunity
Learn the origins of the rules= knowing the background of the rules gives insight into why the rule was made and how you could change/enforce/ignore/resist the law
Rules differ from culture to culture= one rule in one place does not dictate rules in all areas
What decisions did our founders to make the Articles of Confederation?
A). They decided to separate from England and believed a civil war would further our country
B). They believed that Article of Confederation was the same as U.S. Constitution they already made
C). They decided to make the weakest possible central government
C). They decided to make the weakest possible central government
*because of their fear from the previous monarchy, our founders decided to make the least powerful central government to not allow people to be unfairly taxed. Because of the Articles of Confederation however, commerce wasn’t regulated and the states imposed tariff on everything. In 1786 Shay’s rebellion allowed for the fateful meeting in 1787 in Philadelphia.
why is the game of Blackjack relevant to chapter 2?
A). because learning to gamble is a proper way to earn money
B). Because we're in Las Vegas, gambling is a major part of our culture
C). Blackjack can be equated to almost all sections of the chapter
C). Blackjack can be equated to almost all sections of the chapter
*in every section of the chapter, you could give an example about how the culture, symbolism, rules, and values of Blackjack can be used in a realistic circumstance
What specific card in a deck of cards is known for its bad luck and symbolism of death?
A). The 3 of Clubs
B). The King of Diamonds
C). The Ace of Spades
C). The Ace of Spades
*The Ace of Spades is another example of a cultural artifact for card games. An Artifact are objects made by humans for human use. In Blackjack, the Ace card can either equal 11, the only card in the game that can count for 11, or 1, the lowest count off of a card you could get, symbolizing the extreme high or low low that can be equated to The Ace of Spades
An Example of cultural lag when it comes to the game of Blackjack?
A). Being able to play and gamble online
B). Certain people playing the game differentlyC). Different casinos having a higher minimum bet
A). Being able to play and gamble online
*because of the continued development of technology, people lose the need to understand the rules and allow themselves to lose the custom, and culture. Because its online it shows the lag of how we only need a card linked to our phone and an app to allow people to gamble
What is a custom of a standard Blackjack game
A). Silent hand signals
B). Playing to the rules
C). Not allowing other people to play next to you
A). Silent hand signals
*if you used the same hand signals in any other game that isn’t similar to blackjack, the people playing would not know what you mean, because one peoples (Or game in this case) does not always transfer to the next to where they know what you mean
What rule in blackjack can show that rules are never neutral?
A). The dealer must draw if they have anything from 2-16 and must stand on anything that is 17-21
B). The dealer must draw last and if the player busts before the dealer draws the dealer no longer needs to draw
C). Players can split their hand and double their bet if they have the same card value on both cards
B). The dealer must draw last and if the player busts before the dealer draws the dealer no longer needs to draw
*this rule shows that, simply because the player has many other advantages, one bust before the dealer draws or even shows their second card with make players lose their money, showing the inequality in how the game favors the dealer, the defender of the casino money, rather then the player trying to steal casino money
Who proposed The Articles of Confederation to be replaced The Constitution and why?
A). John Jay because he did not like the idea of confederacy
B). Alexander Hamilton because he only had one shot to propose his idea
C). James Madison because he argued that the constitution would control the effects of factions without destroying liberty or freedom
C). James Madison because he argued that the constitution would control the effects of factions without destroying liberty or freedom
*James Madison decided to write the constitution because Confederate states were out of control and he advised for a new constitution to be made of republicanism,(Because no man can judge his own cause), federalism, (Because there needed to be limits to states being harmful) separation of powers,(To not allow one system of government to control the rest) and checks and balances, (To allow every branch of the government to have a say in a matter)