Matter, Atoms, and Elements
What is anything that has mass and takes up space?
Matter
What is the chemical symbol for sodium?
Na
Which type of bond involves sharing electrons?
A covalent bond
Is a pH of 3 acidic, basic, or neutral?
Acidic
Which element is always present in organic compounds?
Carbon
What science studies the composition of matter?
Chemistry
What is the chemical symbol for calcium?
An atom gains an electron. What type of ion forms, and what is its charge?
An anion; negative
Do enzymes speed up or slow down chemical reactions, and what is the substance they act on called?
Speed up reactions; a substrate
What is another name for fats?
Lipids
What is the smallest particle of an element that retains that element’s properties?
Atom
Which element is essential for carrying oxygen in the blood, and what is its symbol?
Iron
Fe
What type of covalent bond shares electrons unequally?
A polar covalent bond
What term describes all the chemical reactions that sustain life?
Metabolism
Which lipid is used to make estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone?
Cholesterol
Which element makes up the greatest percentage of body weight?
Oxygen
Which two elements help provide strength to bones and teeth?
Calcium and phosphorus
Salt dissolves completely in water. What type of mixture forms?
An aqueous solution
What substance is formed by a reaction between an acid and a base?
A salt
What is another name for a complex carbohydrate?
Polysaccharide
What forms when atoms of two or more different elements chemically combine?
A Compound
Which two elements are important for nerve impulse transmission?
Sodium and potassium
In which type of mixture do particles remain dispersed without completely dissolving or readily settling?
A colloid
What happens to a protein during denaturation, which can be caused by extreme pH?
Its shape changes, which can cause it to lose its function.
What are the three main types of elements in the body?
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids