Fundamentals of Respiration
Oxygen is inhaled through the_________ cavity and _________ cavity.
Nasal Cavity and Oral Cavity (Osmosis from Elsevier, 2017).
The internal intercoastal muscles are found _________ to the diaphram.
Superior
What are the muscles responsible for respiration?
The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
( Hasudungan, 2018).
This is the first subsystem of Speech that creates the thought to speak.
The nervous system
Carbon dioxide and oxygen are mostly transported within ___________.
Red blood cells (Hasudungan, 2014)
Through the process of respiration, Oxygen moves from _________ pressure to __________ pressure.
High to Low (Hasudungan, 2014).
What is residual volume?
It refers to the residual volume of O2 remaining in the lungs after exhaling (Hasudungan, 2018).
What function do the internal and external intercostal muscles carry out?
The internal muscle pulls the ribs down while flattening the thoracic cavity during exhalation. External intercostals begin work throughout inhalation by raising the ribs and increasing thoracic volume (Zelenke, Module 2 anatomy lecture 2026).
Phonation is interchangeable with the term __________.
Voicing
Between the tissue and blood, there is __________.
Interstitial fluid (Hasudungan, 2014)
During expiration, volume _______ and pressure _________. However, during inhalation volume ________ and pressure __________.
Expiration (Volume decreases and pressure increases). Inhalation (Volume increases and pressure decreases)(Hasudungan, 2014).
The lungs are_________, _________, and _________ in reference to the pharynx.
Lateral, Posterior, and Inferior.
What is the role of the intercostal muscles within speech?
The internal intercostal muscles help to manage the continuing airflow for uninterrupted speech throughout exhalation. During inhalation, the external intercostals fuel phonation and produce uninterrupted speech (Zelenke, Module 2 anatomy lecture 2026).
This subsystem in speech production is known as the foundation where sounds are created; they move up towards the interior of our oral cavity, such as our mouth, nose, and cheeks.
Resonance
This is the structure that receives the carbon dioxide and offloads oxygen since it is based in the lungs (Hasudungan, 2014).
Alveolus
What are the roles of the respiratory system?
Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration, creation of sound, and olfaction (Zelenke, Module 2 anatomy lecture 2026).
Define vital lung capacity.
Vital lung capacity involves inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume ( Hasudungan, 2018).
This is the soft portion of the roof of your mouth behind the hard palate, which moves together to form a flap or valve that closes the nasal passages off when you eat to prevent food from going up into the nasal pharynx.
The soft palate (Elsevier, 2017).
When articulating the shape of sounds, the ______, _______, and _________ are mainly used.
Tongue, teeth, lips (Speech, 2017).
This main molecule is used to bind to oxygen or carbon dioxide during gas exchanges.
Hemoglobin (Hb) (Hasudungan, 2014)
What anatomical structures does O2 pass through during pulmonary ventilation (in order)?
Inhalation begins, O2 passes through the Trachea, bronchi to bronchioles, then the terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and the alveolar duct. Respiration occurs after, and the cycle restarts (Osmosis from Elsevier, 2017).
Define Pneumotachography. What do SLPs assess when utilizing this tool?
This tool measures the amount of O2 that flows through the oral cavity during speech assessments. It is best used to evaluate voice disorders (Zelenke, Module 2, Anatomy lecture 2026).
What are the four sinuses that are connected to the nasal cavities?
The frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses (Elsevier, 2017).
What ratio is a typical inhale/exhale at rest?
40% inhale; 60% exhale (Speech, 2017)
__________ can be formed in two ways: in red blood cells, which is a fast process, or in the plasma itself, which is slower process.
Bicarbonate (Hasudungan, 2014)