Cell Structure
DNA to Proteins
Cell Cycle
Mutations & Cancer
Asexual Reproduction
100
What is the control centre of the cell?
The nucleus.
100
Fill in the blanks: Adenine can only connect with ________. Cytosine can only connect with ________.
Thymine, Guanine.
100
What does PMAT stand for?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
100
List three carcinogens.
Answers may vary. Example: asbestos, X-rays, chemicals found in tobacco.
100
Define asexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction only involves one parent. All the offspring that are produced by asexual reproduction are identical to the parent.
200
What are 3 organelles that are in a plant cell but aren't in an animal cell?
Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplast.
200
Name 2 proteins and describe their functions.
Answers may vary. Example: insulin- controls the level of sugar in the blood & enzymes- control chemical reactions
200
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase and cell division.
200
What characteristic do cancer cells have that make them different from normal cells under a microscope?
Cancer cells have visibly large nuclei.
200
Name 5 types of asexual reproduction.
Binary fission, budding, vegetative reproduction, fragmentation, and spore formation.
300
What is the difference between a rough endoplasmic reticulum and a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A rough ER has ribosomes attached to it. A smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes attached to it.
300
What is a nucleotide made of?
A nitrogenous base, a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule.
300
What do the centrioles form during mitosis?
The centrioles form spindle fibres during mitosis.
300
Why do people with cancer who go through radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy have side effects such as hair loss and vomiting?
...because radiation therapy and chemotherapy kill cancer cells as well as sometimes killing some fast-growing healthy cells such as skin and hair cells during the process.
300
Name one example for each of the following asexual reproductions: fragmentation, binary fission, and vegetative reproduction.
Answers may vary. Ex. fragmentation: sea star binary fission: bacteria vegetative reproduction: crocuses
400
What is the nucleolus' main job?
The nucleolus' main job is for the production and assembly of ribosomes.
400
What is the difference between a gene and genome?
A gene is a short section of the DNA that contains instructions to make a specific protein. The genome is all of an organism's genes.
400
What does mitosis divide in a cell? What does cytokinesis divide in a cell?
Mitosis divides the nuclear material in a cell. Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm and the rest of the organelles in half.
400
Describe the difference between a benign tumour and a malignant tumour.
A benign tumour are masses of cells that grow but stay in one place and do not interfere with the functioning of surrounding tissues and organs. A malignant tumour invade the surrounding tissue and organs and interfere with normal functions of the tissues and organs.
400
Compare binary fission and spore formation.
Both of them use cell division but binary fission is mostly for single-cellular organisms whereas spore formation is mostly for multi-cellular organisms.
500
What is the main function of microtubules and what is an organelle that is made of special microtubules found in the cell?
The main function of microtubules is to allow for movement of the organelles within the cell and provide support for the cell. Centrioles are made of special microtubules found in the cell.
500
Explain the process of how the genetic code is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm as well as including how the protein in formed.
The DNA "unzips" and forms an RNA which replicates the information the DNA carries. Then, the RNA moves to the cytoplasm, a ribosome reads the code that the RNA carries, assembling the appropriate amino acids to form the protein.
500
What is the difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and in plant cells?
Animal cells: Indentation of cell membrane and cytoplasm between the two new nuclei. Plant cells: No indentation. Instead, membrane-bound vesicles form between the two nuclei, then fusing into a cell plate, and then forms a cell wall which separates the two membranes.
500
What is the difference between radiation therapy and chemotherapy?
Radiation therapy kill cancer cells by disrupting cell division. Chemotherapy involves using drugs to stop cancer cells from dividing.
500
What are the 3 main characteristics of asexual reproduction?
1. only one organism is needed to reproduce 2. all the offspring are genetically identical to each other and to the parent organism 3. a single organism can produce large numbers of offspring
M
e
n
u